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Disinfection and epidemic prevention often encounter many strange phenomena in popular science services. Some diseases are not difficult to diagnose, and some have been diagnosed. However, under the comprehensive control of emergency immunization and intramuscular injection of spices, although the condition is effectively controlled, But soon after repeated attacks. The key reason is that the daily disinfection, epidemic prevention and other feeding management work and the original production process flow defects, leading to disease safety risks will always exist, the disease can not be controlled.
Stress When the market conditions are good, many farmers have introduced large numbers of piglets for fattening or introducing good varieties to increase their growth rate. However, blind introduction or fattening will lead to changes in the flora of the pig farm and disrupt the original organism. The balance of the environment, and the transport of roads, feed, and the environment are a great stress on animals, and at the same time make the condition more complicated; in some traditional breeding areas, pig health care has never been included in the production schedule. Go, and pay attention to immunization that all vaccines are inoculated, the pig will not get sick, but they do not know this approach is also a stress on the pig. Of course, the stress of ventilation, density, deworming, improper management, etc. of the pig house will reduce the immunity of the pig and cause the disease.
Damage caused by moldy feed The contamination of mycotoxins in feed and the harms caused by it are still a problem easily overlooked by farmers and are easily confused with other diseases. At present, the focus of the feed industry and the aquaculture industry is to prevent mildew and mildew, and the feed and feed ingredients are not visible to the naked eye. Mycotoxins are invisible to the naked eye. Its production has still been a natural threat to the safety of livestock and grain feed around the world. Its source, generation and characteristics have caused a series of problems. For example, the feed formulation remains unchanged, and feed quality occurs when there is a good time difference; the immunization procedure remains unchanged, and the vaccine is vaccinated on time, but the level of livestock and poultry antibodies does not increase; the production performance of livestock and poultry declines, susceptibility increases, and diseases occur frequently. A series of questions.
The key to prevention and control of mold and mycotoxin hazards is to do a good job in the two aspects of anti-mildew and detoxification of feed. Especially in large-scale breeding farms, the mildew preparation should be added for a long time.
Virus-induced immunosuppression and related diseases (immunity failure) In some large-scale pig farms, although the immunization program is made to be drip-free, it still presents reproductive difficulties for sows and death of piglets in maternity or nursery, especially for early piglets. Respiratory syndrome in non-bacterial diarrhea and finishing pigs is the most vexing thing. The culprit is blamed on immunosuppressive diseases such as swine fever and pseudorabies.
1) Swine fever: At present, the subclinical infection of breeding pigs still exists in large-scale pig farms. There are two types of persistent infections and latent infections. The former manifests as reproductive disorders (dead fetuses, abortions) and the incidence of piglets within two weeks of age. Death, the latter is mainly reflected in the onset of piglets in the nursery period. There was no detectable antibody or only a low level of antibodies in the serum of persistently infected sows, and it was not possible to increase the antibody level of swine fever by boosting the immunization. Aborted fetuses were tested positive for swine fever antigen by PCR. Latent infection of pigs, swine fever antibody levels are high, usually more than two titre than conventional immune antibodies.
2) Porcine respiratory syndrome (PRDC) caused by PRRSt and PCV2
In most cases, this disease is considered to be PMWS's neonatal disease, which is a combination of PRRSV or PRRSV and PCV2, resulting in the occurrence of mixed infections of multiple pathogens and subsequent infections in the immunosuppressed state. These pathogens include mycoplasma and bacillus. Bacteria, Haemophilus parasuis, Staphylococcus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Streptococcus. Viral mixed infections include influenza virus, respiratory coronavirus, pseudorabies virus, and sometimes a mixed infection of virulent swine fever. The main symptoms of clinical symptoms are cough and dyspnea. Sometimes, some pigs have symptoms of flushing and septicemia. The tip, tail, and thighs caused by microcirculatory disturbances, the blood stasis, hemorrhage, and blood stasis appear in the armpits of the forelegs. Pathological changes in necropsy: pathological changes such as lobar pneumonia, necrotizing pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, pericarditis, serositis, pleural effusion and ascites. In addition to adopting the PMWS Gold Code, the disease prevention and control countermeasures should make the correct laboratory diagnosis for relevant pathogens, and it is extremely important to use bacterial sensitive drugs as health care and treatment. After correct diagnosis of some mixed infection virus, appropriate corrective immunity measures should be adopted.
Nutrition Many nutrients are related to the development of the pig's immune system. Whether there is a lack of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) or lack of essential micronutrients, such as vitamins, specific minerals, trace elements, and essential amino acids, can have a negative impact on the immune system.
Both environmental and disease stress conditions increase the demand for essential nutrients. Nutritional standards formulated under ideal, low-level stress response conditions do not reflect the nutritional needs of actual production. Pigs can not avoid stressors. Therefore, in addition to meeting the nutritional standards needed to maintain growth, we should consider the nutritional needs of the immune system and disease prevention.
The occurrence and development of a disease is usually affected by three factors: management level (environment), host disease resistance (nutrition), amount of pathogens, and virulence. These factors influence each other, and any one of these factors is characterized by the promotion or inhibition of infection. The severity of clinical symptoms, duration of disease and mortality are affected by pathogenic virulence, immune status of pigs and management factors including feed characteristics. In the swine industry, there are more than 35 essential nutrients and dozens of important infectious diseases, resulting in dozens of specific nutrient-disease syndromes.
The pathological process of infectious diseases can affect the digestion and metabolism of nutrients. These important interactions can further cause a vicious cycle of malnutrition-infection. Malnutrition leads to an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases, prolonged duration, or devastating blows. Infectious diseases can also cause anaemia and malnutrition. Whether this cycle is caused first by malnutrition or caused by infection, the pig's immune system and nutritional status both deteriorate, resulting in opportunistic infections and reduced production performance.
The chronic deficiency of most nutrients can damage the immune response and increase the susceptibility to infectious diseases. Occurrence of nutritional deficiencies in the early stages is particularly harmful to the immune system because of the gradual maturation of primary lymphoid organs and the immune system.
Improving the immunity of pigs Improving the nutrient level The nutritional needs of different breeds, different uses, and different stages of the pig are different. Use pigs, piglets, pigs, pigs, gilts, and sows to feed the lactating sows on a case-by-case basis.
Strengthen feeding management Disinfection with pigs or drinking water on a regular basis with disinfectant, pay attention to the ventilation, insulation, density, and humidity of the pig house. Keep the pig house quiet and reduce unnecessary stress. Deworming is carried out regularly to strictly enforce the farm's immunization procedures.
Regular health care to reduce the incidence of disease in pregnant sows during prenatal and postnatal half weeks, you can add antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs in feed, reduce the incidence of diarrhea in piglets, and reduce the incidence of postpartum syndrome caused by postpartum sows, fast Restore the health of the sow's reproductive system.
Adding intestinal anti-inflammatory drugs to the piglets before and after weaning can effectively prevent the occurrence of diarrhea. Growing pigs can add different drugs to prevent respiratory disease in pigs at different stages of growth. They can also effectively control secondary infections caused by swine fever, circovirus, pseudorabies, and blue-ear disease, thereby reducing the severity of disease. The recovery of the carcass.
Strengthen the body's immune system to improve the body's immune system, in addition to nutrition, management, health and other control measures, we should also add in the feed to enhance the body's immune system of Chinese herbal medicine, such as Astragalus multi-grain sugar, Banlangen.
In addition, we can add multi-dimensional electrolytes to drinking water to improve the body's immunity and maintain a healthy body during the period of swine transfer, epidemic prevention, deworming, production, breast-feeding and disease.
Improper feeding and management constitute the main pathogens of porcine respiratory system syndromes: circovirus, pseudorabies virus, swine fever virus, Haemophilus parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus, Pasteurella multocida, failure Bordetella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Toxoplasma, Eperythrozoon. These pathogens, which are almost universally present in large-scale pig farms, have become a common pathogen in pig farms. In the case of improper feeding and management, immunization failure, adverse environmental and climatic conditions, it will lead to an outbreak of respiratory syndrome.