The rapeseed meal-free rapeseed meal is also a kind of feed raw material selected by the farmers. The output of rapeseed in China ranks first in the world, and rapeseed meal can produce 600 to 7 million tons of rapeseed meal per year. Rapeseed meal is an excellent natural vegetable protein resource. Its protein content and amino acid composition can be comparable to that of soybean meal. However, because rapeseed meal contains toxic or anti-nutritional substances such as glucosinolate (hereinafter referred to as glucosinolate), phytic acid and tannins, it may cause monogastric animal poisoning and poor palatability. Therefore, rapeseed meal must be detoxified to reduce the adverse effects on animal health and improve economic efficiency.
Domestic and foreign rapeseed meal detoxification methods are: physical detoxification, chemical detoxification and biological detoxification method 3 categories.
1. The physical detoxification method is mainly for the inactivation of mustardase, but in recent years, it has been found that glucosinolate itself is not non-toxic, and some microorganisms in the animal can also secrete an enzyme that has the same effect as sinapinase and decomposes glucosinolates into toxic substances. substance.
2. Chemical detoxification methods mainly include acid-base degradation, metal salt catalytic degradation and solvent leaching. Among them, the most studied at home and abroad is the double liquid extraction method developed by Rubin and Diosady of Canada. The detoxification rate can reach more than 90%, but the dry matter loss, high cost, and three waste pollutions make it difficult to popularize.
3. Biological detoxification methods mainly include enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis mainly uses the addition of glucosinolates and activators of enzymes (such as Vc, etc.) to accelerate the decomposition of glucosinolates and then to achieve the purpose of detoxification by stripping or leaching with solvents. This method can not only remove phytic acid and Except for polyphenolic compounds, the source of glucosinase is difficult, and the process of removing glucosinolate and its degradation products is complicated and the cost is too high, so it cannot be industrialized on a large scale. Microbiological fermentation method uses microorganisms to directly decompose poisons. Compared with other methods, this method has the advantages of mild conditions, simple technological process, and low loss of dry matter, such as the detoxification of functional strains of detoxifiers such as the golden tallow rapeseed meal. Increased protein and other aspects have a very good effect.
Among these methods, the microbial fermentation method has a low cost and is simple and convenient. To treat with the golden barb seed meal detoxifier:
First, raw materials should be selected on cottonseed husks, rapeseed cakes, etc. Should be chopped or crushed, and rapeseed cakes, cottonseed cakes and other protein feeds should not be fermented separately. Partial corn flour and other energy feeds should be added to co-fermentation to remove mildewed raw materials;
Secondly, baby cottonseed husks and rapeseed cake detoxification agents (usually used in amounts of 2%) should be diluted with rice bran, corn flour, flour, etc., and then thoroughly dispersed to ensure even feeding;
Once again, the moisture content of the material is controlled at 65-75%. Judgment: A handful of materials can be used as a group, the water in the finger joints is not dripping, and the ground is suitable for dispersal. The water is not easy to warm up and the water is hard to ferment; Above 20°C, slow fermentation will slow down;
Finally, the material should be completely sealed but not compacted; when using a tightly sealed container for fermentation, a plastic bag that can be tightly sealed should be added outside; in the sealed fermentation process, it cannot be disassembled and turned over, and the finished product after fermentation is After the secondary feeding, care should be taken to seal it immediately;
After the fermentation, the finished product can be separately sealed and stored in a small bag, or dried and dehydrated, dried at a low temperature, or pelletized. The final product after fermentation should be fed as required, gradually adding up to 40-50 of the total pig feed or chicken feed. % is better.
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