Why does soybean only bloom?

The reporter interviewed Gu Heping, a vegetable researcher at the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, on the phenomenon that summer soybeans did not bloom. It is understood that there are many reasons why soybeans only bloom without scarring.

First, the selection of soybean varieties is irrational and it is not suitable for the local climate and environmental conditions. Soybeans are short-day crops that need to enter the reproductive growth stage under short-day conditions before they can normalize flower bud differentiation and flowering and scarring. Soybean varieties from the northern region have been introduced into the province for more spring soybean cultivation. These varieties are not sensitive to the length and intensity of light, but are sensitive to temperature. When the effective accumulated temperature meets the requirements of the variety, it will bloom and grow. If these varieties are introduced into our province for summer soybean planting, it is easy to flower and scab early. However, due to insufficient vegetative growth, only a few flowers will not bloom. The late-maturing soybean varieties were sown in spring soybeans, which showed that the plants grew lushly in the field, and even the emergence of vines appeared, but it was not flowering and scabbing.

Second, the sowing time of soybean is too early, and the vegetative growth period of the plants is too long. As a result, the physiological age of the flowering period of soybean is too old and it is difficult to scab. For sowing summer soybeans, suitable sowing dates for suitable early maturing varieties are from June 10 to 20, but not later than July 20. Late sowing varieties are suitable for sowing dates from June 15 to June 30, and no later than July 25. The sowing date of harvested green soybeans can be delayed for a suitable period of time. Variety of reasonable selection, but if sowing too early, sowing before June 10th, and even sowing at the end of May, there will be only the phenomenon of blooming without scarring.

Third, high temperature and drought caused the soybeans to fail to be fertilized normally, and the young can not develop. The suitable temperature for soybean flowering is 25-28°C, and the suitable relative humidity is 70%-90%. If the temperature is maintained at 33°C for a long time, the soybean pollen grains will dry up, causing poor pollination and fertilization. If soybeans hit a hot, dry weather during the flowering and fruiting period, the soybeans will not bloom or spend less, or spend less. The continuous high-temperature weather in July-August this year is a rare occurrence in 20 years. It will have a great impact on the flowering and podging of soybeans. Continued hot weather may be the main reason for this year's large area of ​​soybeans that only bloom without scarring.

In addition, soybeans are more sensitive to molybdenum and boron, and plants are seriously deficient in molybdenum or lack of boron. Soybean populations are too large, the fields are poorly ventilated and light, and organic matter is misaligned, which can also cause flowering and no scarring.

Preventive measures prevent soybeans from flowering without scarring. One is scientific introduction. Summer soybeans are a type of crop that requires a very short day of sunshine. If a lot of introductions are made, they should be consulted with the soy experts, or try out the crops in a small area first and then promote them in large areas after success. The second is a reasonable rotation. Soybean rhizobia will release large amounts of organic acids after rot. These organic acids will inhibit the growth and development of soybean roots and shoots. Soybeans should be planted for 1 year after planting non-bean crops for 2 years. The third is timely sowing. Summer soybeans have high requirements for short days, sowing too early will lead to early flowering, and will also cause old seedlings and mad long seedlings. The general Huaibei area will be planted on June 10-20 and the Huainan area will be planted on June 20-30. The third is balanced fertilization. Soybean field is best to apply 50% of farmyard manure, appropriate application of molybdenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer. The fourth is dense planting. The number of plots with high fertility is controlled at 10,000 per acre, and that of medium fertility is controlled at 1.3-1.5 million per acre. The fifth is to support the field trench system so that irrigation can be performed. Soybeans are the crops with more water requirements. The flowering and podling period is the critical period of water requirement for soybeans. At this time, soil drought has a great influence on the yield and quality of soybeans. If there is no rain for 1 week in the summer, it should be timely watered.