Photoreceptors are the core of digital video cameras and the most critical technology. The development path of digital cameras can be said to be the development path of photoreceptors. At present, there are two types of core imaging components of digital cameras: one is a widely used CCD (charge-coupled) component; the other is a CMOS (complementary metal oxide conductor) device.
Charge Coupled Device (CCD), which is made of a high-sensitivity semiconductor material, converts light into electric charge, converts it into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter chip, and the digital signal is compressed. The camera's internal flash memory or internal hard disk card saves data, making it easy to transfer data to a computer and use the computer's processing to modify the image as needed and imagined.
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) is the same as CCD, which is a semiconductor that can record light changes in digital cameras. CMOS manufacturing technology is no different from general computer chips, mainly using semiconductors made of silicon and germanium, which coexist with N (band-to-electric) and P (with +-electric) levels in CMOS. The semiconductor, the current generated by these two complementary effects can be recorded and interpreted by the processing chip into an image. However, the shortcoming of CMOS is that it is too easy to appear noise, mainly because the early design makes CMOS overheat when the current changes too frequently when dealing with rapidly changing images.
At the same resolution, CMOS is cheaper than CCD, but the quality of the image produced by CMOS devices is lower than that of CCD. So far, the vast majority of consumer grades and high-end digital cameras on the market use CCD as a sensor; CMOS sensors are used as low-end products on some cameras, if any camera manufacturer produces an imaginary head using CCD Sensors, manufacturers will spare no effort to use it as a selling point to publicize, even under the name of "digital camera." For a time, whether or not there is a CCD sensor has become one of the standards for people to judge the grade of digital cameras.
Because CMOS sensors are easy to mass-produce, and the speed and cost are low, it will be the development direction of key components of digital cameras. At present, with the continuous efforts of companies such as CANON, new CMOS devices continue to evolve, and high dynamic range CMOS devices have emerged. This technology eliminates the need for shutter, aperture, automatic gain control, and gamma correction. It is close to the imaging quality of the CCD. In addition, due to the innate plasticity of CMOS, it is possible to make large CMOS photoreceptors with high pixels without increasing the cost. Compared to the stagnation of CCD, CMOS has shown its vitality as a new thing. As a core component of digital cameras, CMOS photoreceptors have a tendency to gradually replace CCD photoreceptors, and hopefully become the mainstream photoreceptor in the near future. Â Â
How to take a micro picture with a digital camera? First, adjust the brightness of the microscope to the middle position. Put a blank sheet of paper under the microscope to turn on the automatic white balance adjustment of the camera; secondly, turn on the automatic exposure to automatically adjust; put the sample and adjust the focal length of the microscope to make the sample clear. If the image is not satisfactory, turn on the video parameters to adjust the exposure and gamma (if any) until a satisfactory result is achieved.
Screening for digital cameras: The first is the confirmation of the target. The usual camera must indicate the size of the target surface of the chip. Generally, the 1.3 megapixel/2 megapixel/3 megapixel chip of the digital camera in the world is mostly 1/2 inch, but some distributions are for the price space. How to identify the 1/3-inch target? Use a microscope to measure the micro ruler. Use 10X eyepiece, 10X objective lens, C interface with 1X. If the image size of the displayed image taken under the camera is 8 mm, it proves that the target surface of the chip is 1/2 inch.
Second, the determination of the nature of the digital camera chip. The digital camera has a CCD chip and a CMOS chip. At present, the CCD chip camera is much more expensive than the CMOS chip camera.
Third, it is the identification of the camera function. Different cameras have different processing functions in the image, such as image enlargement, compression, ability to capture dynamics, and so on. This problem can not be generalized, mainly depends on the user's requirements, there is no special requirement that most cameras can be satisfied in terms of functions. However, the camera's capture frame rate is a more important indicator. Regardless of the tens of megapixel camera, we recommend ≥3 frames/second.
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