Wheat frost damage prevention technology in spring

Frost and frost are different. Frost is near the surface of the ground and the surface of the object. When the temperature drops below the freezing point, the water in the air sublimates and condenses into a fine hexagonal white crystal. Frost, on the other hand, refers to the temperature at which the soil and the surface temperature of a plant have dropped enough to cause crop damage or death. As a result, there may be frost during frost and it may be frost-free. The frost with frost is called frost; the frost without frost is called frost or dark frost.
The spring frost damage of wheat depends on external factors, such as low temperature and internal factors, cold resistance, and frost is a comprehensive reaction of external factors and internal factors. Therefore, any measures that are conducive to improving the intrinsic cold resistance of wheat and reducing changes in ground temperature cakes are all effective measures to prevent frost.
1. To master the difference in cold resistance between before and after the jointing of the safe jointing wheat. After the jointing, the cold resistance was significantly weakened. Therefore, the safe jointing period is an important indicator of wheat climatology. When determining the variety utilization, arranging appropriate sowing dates for different varieties, and breeding new varieties of wheat, local governments should strive to ensure that the jointing period of wheat is not earlier than the safe jointing period. The determination of safe jointing period is based on the fact that the minimum temperature in the final frost period is ≤-2°C, and the guarantee rate of 90% that is no longer affected by frost damage after 10 days of jointing (biological jointing period) is an important basis. Based on the actual number of years that the final frost appeared in each ten-year period, a table is prepared as a reference. In Shaanxi and Huanghuai wheat areas, there appeared warm winters in 1998, and there were few droughts and snow and rain. It was predicted that there would be jointing of certain varieties on the production area, which was obviously earlier than the local safety jointing period. Therefore, it is recommended that all localities should adjust measures to local conditions so as to control the early jointing in advance. And to prevent all kinds of preparatory work for spring frost damage, in order to reduce the loss of frost damage. Second, before freezing, watering before freezing is one of the most effective measures to prevent spring frost damage. Generally one of the effective measures to improve the ground temperature. Generally, it can increase the ground temperature by 1°C-3°C, which can significantly reduce the frost damage and have a frost-proof effect. The reason is: the water temperature is higher than the soil temperature when the frost occurs, watering before freezing can bring a lot of heat; soil moisture, soil thermal conductivity is enhanced, more heat can be transmitted from the deeper hot soil layer, to ease the cooling rate of the ground; The heat capacity of water is larger than the heat capacity of air and soil. After watering, it can ease the variation of ground temperature. After watering, the water vapor in the ground air increases. When ice is formed, latent heat can be released.
Third, the smoke method China has a long history of use of firewood smoke anti-frost, but because of the shortage of raw materials, high cost, should not be fully promoted. Qingyang, Gansu Province, has a chemical smoke screen that has been artificially affected by local weather stations. It is cheap and has good results (its formula is: asphalt 15%, sawdust shavings 48%, ammonium nitrate 32%, diesel 5%, crushed and mixed with kraft paper Well, put the firing line inside and poke around some small holes.) Each weighing about 10 kilograms, 20 acres about 0.10 yuan. The use of smoke with a small amount of smoke, can increase the ground temperature 1 °C -2 °C. Its role is to form a smoke screen when burning, so that the effective radiation on the ground is reduced, which can reduce the heat loss of soil and plants. When the smoke agent burns, the heat is released, so that the temperature rises. When the vapor condenses on the smoke, latent heat can be released. Flue-curing time should not be too early, but it must not be too late. Generally, it is appropriate to start when the leaf area temperature drops to 1°C below the frost indicator temperature. And we must pay attention to the unified release of the ignition time, to ensure the quality of the smoke screen, only to receive good results.
Fourth, the combination of loose soil and repression can promote the deepening of the root system and control the upper part of the plant, which has a certain effect on the defense and alleviation of frost damage in spring.
V. Emergency remedy
1. Timely regulation of water and fertilizer Where frozen wheat fields, as long as the freezing of childbirth day, you can fight for less or no reduction in production, the key is to promptly strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, promote the birth of more than a spike, into a big spike.
2. Do not arbitrarily plough the wheat fields seriously affected by freezing. Practice proves that as long as the childbirth day is not frozen, as the temperature rises, new births will be quickly developed and a good harvest can still be achieved.
3. The frozen yellow leaf and "dead" cockroaches should not be cut off by isotope atomic tracer experiments, indicating that, after freezing, the roots of the frozen "dead" cockroaches were fertility-free after freezing, and their roots were frozen. The absorbed nutrients can be transferred to the unfrozen childbirth. Retention of yellow leaves and "dead" pods have a significant effect on the recovery of frozen wheat seedlings and increased tillering and panicle formation.
4. Timely application of fertilizer and water on wheat leaves with heavy freezing, lighter thawing stems and younger ears without freezing to water in the fields, to avoid the dehydration of young ears to death, beneficial to the rapid recovery of wheat seedlings, most of the heading and fruiting. For some young ears of frozen wheat, combined with water and fertilizer application, in particular, the application of available nitrogen fertilizer is better. Because of the wheat seedlings plagued by cold injury, the body consumes more nutrients, and the seedling potential is very weak. As the temperature gradually rises, new stems and pods grow rapidly, and large amounts of nutrients are urgently needed for supplementation to meet normal growth and development.
5. In order to promptly change the main stem and all the frozen fields of the large fork, it is possible to use spring varieties of spring (guided in Fangma district) or other early spring crops after ploughing.

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