Corn is the second largest food crop in our province, and it is also an important raw material for feed and light industry. In recent years, the province has actively launched high-yield creation activities, conscientiously implemented the corn subsidy policy, vigorously promoted the “increase and improvementâ€, and live and late harvest technologies. The province’s corn harvested year after year, relying on science and technology to excavate corn yield potential, to ensure the province's corn Continuously increase production and promote the construction of 1,000 kilograms per mu of corn. The Provincial Department of Agriculture organized relevant experts to research and formulate the “2010 Summer Maize Production Technical Opinionsâ€. This newspaper selected some key new technologies for readers' reference. --The editor chooses the best varieties.
The main varieties of summer corn identified in our province in 2010 are: Zhengdan 958, Ludan 981, Yandan 20, Liaoyu 18, Jinhai 5, Ludan 9002, Denghai 11, Denghai 3622, Denghai 6213, Taiyu 14, Tiantai 10, Lainong 14, LN3, Qidan 1, Daiyu 14, Tiantai 58, Guyu 178, Jinhai 702, and Denghai 662.
The main varieties of spring corn are: Danyu 86, Nongda 108, Weiyu 308.
Second, focus on popularizing popular varieties
1. To improve the existing varieties with good varieties and improve the potential for yield increase. The main types of density-resistant dense varieties (4,500 strains per acre) included: Zhengdan 958, Qidan 20, Liaoyu 18, Ludan 9002, Tiantai 58 etc. The density of these varieties in high-yielding fields can reach 4800 to 5000 acres.
2. Speed ​​up the promotion of dense new varieties. In 2009, the new corn varieties approved by our province are Denghai 662, Deliong 988, Denghai 701, Denghai 661, etc.; in 2010, the new maize varieties approved by our province are Jiyu No. 1 and dark horses. 603, Lu Dan 818 and so on. The planting densities of these varieties can reach 4,500 plants per mu, of which the Ludan 818 has been approved (regional test) with a density of 5,000 plants.
The selection of varieties for high-yield research must first select a variety of varieties with high density adaptability, strong fertility response resistance, lodging resistance, less empty culm, uniform ear, good shade tolerance, and good grouting. Denghai 661 (super test No. 1), Denghai 605 (super test No. 6), and Zhengdan 958 have strong lodging resistance and a wide range of density adaptation. These varieties are the preferred varieties for high-yield research.
3. Strict Seed Quality Seeds should be screened prior to sowing. Residues and diseased grains should be removed. Seeds should be full and uniform. The selected seeds should be coated to enhance seed vigor and prevent pest damage. Ensure that seed purity ≥ 98%, germination rate ≥ 85%, net ≥ 98%, water content ≤ 13%.
The rational close planting will continue to reasonably increase the planting density by replanting dense varieties, narrowing spacing, carefully planting seedlings, and keeping seedlings uniformly.
First, the recommended reference density
1. Density-compact corn varieties: The research field has received 5500-6500 strains per mu. The high-yielding demonstration field receives 4,500 to 5000 plants per mu. In general, Daejeon receives 4000 to 4,800 plants per mu. 2. Large-spike varieties ranged from 3200 to 3700 and high-yielding fields were about 3800.
Second, determine the density to comprehensively consider the cultivation conditions
1. Consider the tightness of the varieties and match the characteristics of the varieties. The upper density limit of 6,000 to 6,500 plants per acre is only applicable to a few dense varieties such as Denghai 661, and special management measures are required. Zhengdan 958 can reach a high yield of about 5500 strains. Ruandan 20 is slightly less dense and has a validation density of 4,000 to 4,500. Generally, it should not exceed 4,800. Ludan 981 should be lower, Daejeon 3000 to 3300, and 3300 to 3500 high yield fields.
2, to adapt to the output indicators, and production conditions, cultivation levels. Do not use excessive density for low production levels and production indicators. For example, Zhengdan 958 has a low fertility density of 3,500 plants/mu, a medium-upper water and fertilizer plantation of 4,000 plants/mu, and a high water and fertilizer area of ​​4,500 plants/mu. The high-yield problem can reach 5500 plants.
3. And time seedlings Dingmiao, pull out weak strains. During the period of 3 leaves, seedlings were planted in the 5-leaf stage, small weak plants were removed in time, the uniformity of the population was improved, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the population were improved.
The implementation of mechanical live broadcasting First, improve the quality of wheat straw returned to wheat harvest should be appropriately reduced wheat stubble height, chopped wheat straw, in order to improve conditions for the quality of corn machinery to create conditions. At the same time, we must take practical measures to increase the efforts of returning wheat straw to the field and resolutely eliminate the phenomenon of burning straw. Cover the straw to be uniform and reach the ground without whitening. The grass is not piled. At the same time pay attention to increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
Second, the appropriate period of sufficient planting in the case of appropriate moisture conditions, the sooner the better the live broadcast of summer corn. Promote the sowing of the corn on the day of wheat harvest, that is, the combined harvest of wheat → corn machinery broadcast one-stop operation. If the sensation at the time of sowing is not good, the irrigated area can be irrigated after sowing, so as to avoid irrigating as much as possible, affecting the planting unit and causing delay in sowing time.
1. Sowing time. The best sowing time is on the Jiaodong peninsula from June 10 to June 18, and other regions from June 1 to June 15.
2. Public opinion index. Seed sowing index requirements soil relative water content in the 70% to 75%, visible precipitation conditions by sowing or sowing corn in a timely manner to water, to ensure that the emergence of neat.
Third, the row spacing is generally 60 cm. In order to improve ventilation and light conditions and to facilitate field management, high-yield farmland under high-density conditions is recommended to be planted in large and small rows with a large row spacing of 70 to 80 centimeters and small row spacing of 30 to 40 centimeters. More than 1000 kg per mu can be reduced to about 70 centimeters wide and 25 centimeters apart.
Fourth, the depth of trenching fertilization should be the same, generally 6 to 8 cm, fertilizer, species isolation. With compound fertilizer 10 to 15 kg per mu. Fertilizer use granular compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer; corn slow-release fertilizer can also be applied to reduce artificial consumption of corn management.
Fifth, broadcast volume and broadcast depth
1. The amount of broadcast. The sowing amount is generally 2.5 to 3.5 kg/mu, which is increased or decreased according to the variety characteristics.
2. Broadcast depth. The depth of corn sowing should be the same in depth, and the depth of sowing should be 3 to 5 cm.
Sixth, after the earth-covered corn is sown, it should be covered with tight soil, suitable strength for repression, and the repression wheel should not slip.
Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization Soils that have undergone soil testing should be properly formulated and fertilized. Other sites also need to make balanced fertilization such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Reasonably determine the type and amount of fertilization, under the premise of the former winter wheat to apply enough organic fertilizer (2500 kg / acre or more) under the premise of the application of chemical fertilizers in summer maize. According to the yield index and fertility basis to determine the amount of fertilizer, high-yield fields for each 100 kg of grain production of pure nitrogen 2.5 to 3 kg, 1.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide 3 kg to calculate the amount of fertilizer required.
About 600 kg of high-yield fields per acre, apply 15-18 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, which is equivalent to 31-37.5 kg of urea; 9 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, equivalent to 56.3 kg of standard superphosphate; 18 kg of potassium oxide, equivalent to potassium sulfate 36 kg. In view of the current status of corn fertilization, special attention should be given to increasing phosphorus, potash fertilizer and micro-fertilizers. Zinc-sulfate should be added to 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre.
In fertilizer maneuvering, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and microelement fertilizer are used up before jointing of corn (may be used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, and applied as early as possible); nitrogen fertilizer application in stages, light application of seedling fertilizer, heavy earing Fertilizer, make up for flowers and fertilizers.
Miao Fei. Before the jointing of corn, about 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, along with other fertilizers, is applied along the side of the seedlings, deep in the furrows, 15 to 20 cm from the seedlings, and 15 cm deep in order to promote roots and strong seedlings.
Pan ear fertilizer. In the corn big trumpet period (55% to 60% of the leaf age index, 11th to 12th leaves are unfolded), 40% to 50% of the total nitrogen is applied to promote the panicles and grains.
Flower pellets. During the grain filling stage, 15%-20% of total nitrogen was applied to increase the photosynthetic capacity and increase grain weight.
High-yield research fields can appropriately increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer used in the later period. It is suggested that the high-yield off-season farmland increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in the later period to about 30%.
Late harvesting and more live broadcasts must be matched with late harvest. To harvest at the maturity stage of corn, that is, the disappearance of the grain milk line and the appearance of the black layer at the base, the high-yield field is harvested in the early October and the general field in late September. Sun dry immediately after harvest.
In the middle and late of September and early October, there is sufficient sunshine and a large temperature difference between day and night, which is most conducive to corn grouting. From the initial stage of the waxing of yellow leaves, which has just begun to yellow, the grain weight increased by about 5 grams per 1 day late, and the yield per mu increased by about 10 kilograms. Appropriate late harvest can significantly increase corn yield, increase grain bulk density and improve quality. The appropriately sown maize had no adverse effect on the yield of rear seedlings and wheat.
The late harvest should be complemented by strengthening the management of the middle and late period and the characteristics of the varieties, increasing the proportion of investment in the middle and late stages, and paying attention to drought protection during the flowering and filling period.
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