Verbena officinalis L (Verbenaofficinalis L) is a perennial herb of the genus Verbena, also known as dragon bud grass, iron whip, and wind neck grass. Slightly cold and bitter. To clean the entire ground into the medicine, with heat detoxification, blood stasis, diuretic swelling effect, and can promote the separation of the placenta after delivery, eliminate postpartum fecal matter and menstrual difficulties; In addition, the root can cure red, white Squats and other diseases. The main chemical components are: verbena, verbena, volatile oil, and β-carotene. Native to tropical America, planted in southern China and included as a national pharmacopoeia.
1 Morphological characteristics Plant height is about 80cm, more branched. Stems quadrangular, leaves opposite, ovate to oblong or oblong-lanceolate; basal leaf margins often coarsely serrate and nicked, usually 3 deeply lobed, irregularly serrated at the edges of lobes, and coarsely shaved on both sides. Spikes are terminal or axillary, slender like whip; flowers are small, corolla lavender or blue. The fruit is pod-like, about 0.2 cm long, with thin outer rind, cracking at maturity and containing 4 nutlets.
2 The biological characteristics can be harvested continuously for many years in the southern region; in the northeast region, due to the cold winter, the roots cannot be overwintered, and can only be one year. Flowering period from early July to late August, the flowers gradually open from the lower end of the inflorescence, the fruit mature period from mid-August to October, the frozen part of the ground is dead, the annual growth period is about 165 days. The seeds are triangular, oblong, and their widths at both ends are almost equal. They are 0.15-0.2cm long, 0.05-0.08cm wide, and have a rough surface, yellowish-yellow or brown-yellow, dull, 0.3-grain weight 0.38g, and a life of 1 year. The suitable germination temperature is 20-30°C; the germination rate is faster at 25°C and the germination rate is as high as 90%.
Hi fat, hi wet, afraid of earthworms, intolerant of drought, the general soil can grow, but the soil is deep, fertile loam soil and sandy loam grow strong, low-lying and easy to plant.
2 Planting technology
3.1 Selection of Sites and Site Preparation Loam or sandy loam with thick soil is the planting site. Plowing, depth 18 ~ 25cm. Apply 2000 to 2500kg of fully-fertilized manure per acre as a base fertilizer, and spread it. It is made up of 50cm in width and 15cm in height, and is made up of 25 to 30cm between the two. It can also be made into small farmland.
3.2 The sowing time is from late April to early May. Drilling. First, the sorghum soil is fine, 5cm away from the edge of the sash along the ditch, line spacing 25 ~ 30cm, ditch depth 15 ~ 2cm, stepping grid, and then a small amount of biological fertilizer as a base fertilizer, the amount of 15 ~ 20kg per mu. The fertilizer was covered with a little soil, and the seeds were evenly sprinkled in. The thickness of the covering soil was 1 to 1.5 cm, and it was slightly suppressed. Use 0.5kg per acre.
3.3 Field management In the case of normal temperature and humidity, sowing will occur 10 to 20 days, when the plant height 5cm time seedlings. Since the whole plant is harvested on the ground, it is not necessary to deliberately leave a single row, but the spacing between plants on each row should be maintained at about 10 cm to facilitate the branching and space needed for growth and development. The seedlings that come down can be transplanted again. Combine the grass with turfgrass, and properly perform rhizosphere soil cultivation. When the soil is too dry, it should be watered in time to ensure the normal growth of plants. Weeding is a regular part of field management. Preventing grass shortages is one of the effective measures to increase production; therefore, we need to make sure that weeds are removed and that weeds do not grow in the fields. During the rainy season, pay attention to the drainage of the field. After the rain, loosen the soil in time to prevent the top soil from binding and affect the growth of the plants. The loose soil not only increases the permeability of the soil, but also reduces the occurrence of diseases, and has the effect of doing more with less effort and achieving two goals at a time.
3.4 Seed fine seeds are the basic conditions for obtaining high yields. Therefore, seed fields should be established separately. Plant spacing 15 ~ 20cm, spacing 20 ~ 25cm. To strengthen field management, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before flowering, so that the grain can be full to obtain more varieties.
When 75% to 80% of the seeds matured, the plants were cut off, placed in a well-ventilated shady place for 4 to 6 days, and then threshed; except for the net impurities and pods, dried for 3 to 4 days and the seeds were loaded. Clean bags are placed in ventilated warehouses for planting in the following year.
4 Pest control According to the results of planting, no serious pests and diseases have been found. Only a large amount of accumulated water in the field has root rot. Therefore, timely drainage and loose soil can be avoided. Drug control can be 50% of carbendazim 500 to 600 times the root can be watered, severely separated from 7 to 10 days and then again.
5 Harvesting and Processing Verbena cultivated in Northeast China can be harvested twice a year: the first time is in the middle and late July, that is, the flowering period, which is cut 10cm above the ground; the second time is the mid-to-late September harvest . Cut down the whole grass to remove the yellow leaves, first exposed to 60% dry, and then completely dry, if possible, the hot air drying, can also be cut fresh or below 5cm, and then dry. Drying place should be clean and sanitary. Appearance traits are green and uniform in color.
6 Packaging, storage and transportation The packaging materials, storage space and transportation tools should fully comply with the requirements of GAP; the weight of the packaging should be controlled below 25kg to facilitate handling. Regular inspections should be performed during storage to ensure the quality of the medicinal materials and their intended efficacy.
Chinese herbal medicine is a style of traditional medicine built on a foundation of more than 2,500 years of Chinese medical practice that includes various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, exercise (qigong), and dietary therapy,but recently also influenced by modern Western medicine. TCM is widely used in Greater China(where it has long been the standard system of medicine), and is
becoming increasingly popular and recognized worldwide (where it is
primarily approached as alternative medicine).
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