Solar greenhouse vegetable management points in winter

In recent years, severe weather such as low temperature, rain and snow, and widows have shown frequent, frequent, and re-emerging trends in winter, which has caused serious impacts on vegetable production and market supply. From November 3 to 5, the provinces of Zhangjiakou and Chengde in our province exhibited the first large-scale snowfall this winter, which caused a great impact on the facilities of vegetables. Zhangjiakou City, the largest snowfall in the county, snowfall 44 cm, heavy snow collapsed or damaged more than 600 greenhouses; Chengde Xinglong, Fengning, paddock snowfall 15 to 20 cm, 6,300 acres of vegetable facilities affected, of which 3,458 acres disaster, 606 acres of harvest. According to the forecast of the Provincial Meteorological Observatory, on the night of the 9th to the 10th, Zhangjiakou, the west and north of Chengde, the northwest of Baoding will usher in a new round of snowfall.

In order to minimize disasters and stabilize vegetable production and market supply in solar greenhouses, the key points of winter greenhouse vegetable management are proposed for reference by local people.

Increase cover insulation

If grasshoppers or insulation materials with good insulation properties are to be used, if the back slope of the greenhouse is relatively thin, one to two layers of old grasshoppers can be stamped on the outside. Plastic film is placed on the grass rake to enhance the insulation of the shed and keep it dry in rain and snow. At night, covering the ground at the south end of the shed, a 1-metre-high old straw curtain or insulation quilt can also play a certain role in keeping warm and protecting against cold. A wind-proof agricultural film is installed at the entrance of the shed to block cold air from entering the greenhouse. During the winter, if the minimum temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 8°C, the temperature should be covered with a small shed or two curtains to cover the insulation; the minimum temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 6°C, and temporary increase is needed. Warm measures to prevent chilling or freezing injury.

Hanging reflective film

In the winter, 5 meters away from the back wall of the solar greenhouse, an aluminum-plated mirror reflective film with a width of about 1 meter can increase the illuminance from 0 to 3 meters from the reflective film by 9% to 40%, and the temperature increases by 1 to 3 degrees Celsius, 10 centimeters. The ground temperature increased by 0.7°C to 1.9°C, which greatly improved the light and temperature conditions of the crops in the northern and central parts of the cultivated area, which is conducive to the protection against low temperature and low temperature.

Strengthening Grasshopper Uncovering Management

Remove as soon as possible the temperature permits. The time for exposing the weeds and grasshoppers should be such that the temperature in the greenhouse after the grass bedding is not lowered. It is advisable that the time for the grass bedding be determined according to the season and the indoor temperature. The minimum temperature in the season of 0°C-15°C should be reduced in the temperature of the greenhouse. When the minimum temperature is below -15°C during the season when the temperature is below 15°C～17°C, the temperature should be reduced to 17°C～19°C in the sunlight greenhouse. Poorly insulated solar greenhouses should be covered with grasshoppers earlier. On sunny days, grasshoppers should cover the cover as early as possible to extend the time for vegetables to see the light. On cloudy days, according to the outside temperature conditions, the grasshoppers can be uncovered at noon for a short period of time to make the vegetables receive scattered light and cannot be uncovered for several days in a row. thatch. After the continuous cloudy snow weather suddenly turns cloudy, attention should be paid to adopting intervals and alternately exposing, and the grass weeds cannot be uncovered immediately to prevent the crop leaves from losing water and wilting under strong light. If it is found that the leaves are wilting, they should immediately cover the grass and picking up the grass and planting them.

Science to manage fertilizer

In winter, strict water management is required. When the outside temperature is below -15°C, it is generally not watered. At the lowest temperature of -10°C or above, you can choose sunny watering, covering the plastic film. If there is a lack of water in the vegetables, the cold flow should just be selected. If the weather is fine, use drip irrigation under the membrane or water under the membrane to avoid lowering the ground temperature. In the winter season, the temperature in the greenhouse is low, the temperature in the greenhouse is low, and the roots of the vegetable have weak absorption capacity and slow growth. The soil should be topdressed as little as possible; the foliage may be topdressed to alleviate the poor growth of vegetables due to low temperature and low illumination. Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution plus 0.3% calcium nitrate solution, 1% glucose solution. After the spring air warms up in late winter, the number of watering and fertilizing should be appropriately increased.

Strengthen moisture control and disease prevention

In deep winter or continuous low temperature rain and snow conditions, the humidity in the greenhouse is high and it is easy to induce damage. Ventilate and ventilate in a short time at noon to control the occurrence of diseases; pay special attention to the temperature range of 15°C to 25°C in the control room, and control the relative humidity of air to 90°C. %the following. After the onset, aerosols and dust can be used for prevention and treatment to facilitate uniform application and to avoid excessive humidity in the greenhouse.

Appropriate control of results

Sustained low temperature, rain and snow conditions, weak plant growth, early fruit harvesting and appropriate sparse fruit thinning, so as not to increase the burden on the plant, making the plant more fertile, reduce resistance to stress. After fine weather, it gradually transferred to normal management.

Pay attention to prevent storms and secondary disasters

Strengthen strong winds to prevent, buckle membrane with a special film line fastening pressure prison film; evening cover, press the east and west pressure two cloth sets of fine steel wire, to prevent nocturnal grasshopper (together with the outer cover) is blown From a windy day, the ventilation openings are closed to prevent the wind from blowing into the room and blowing the shed to cool down the membrane. Strengthen snow prevention, prepare spare columns in advance, and in case of heavy snow, promptly replenish the columns to prevent the collapse of the greenhouse; middle and small snow can be cleared of snow after snow, but snow should be followed by sweeping snow to prevent snow from over-compacting Greenhouses; remove snow from the greenhouses in a timely manner, clear drains, and prevent snowmelt hazards.