In daily production, accidents such as crop injury, casualties of humans and animals caused by improper use of pesticides, and even abuse or indiscriminate use of pesticides often occur. It is necessary to have timely and safe knowledge of pesticide use. When using pesticides to control diseases, insects, and weeds, on the one hand, we must obtain the best possible control effect. On the other hand, we must also consider preventing or reducing the side effects of pesticides. We must also consider the safety of humans and animals. The key technology for the following introduction 1 symptomatic application of drugs to achieve the right medicine, is the key to achieve a good control effect. Otherwise, it will not only be ineffective, but it will also waste pesticides, delay the timing of prevention and control, and cause losses to agricultural production. The first thing to understand is what is the disease or insect pest in the field, what the disease is or what insects are. Then understand the ingredients, characteristics, and uses of the purchased pesticides. For example, dichlorfon, fipronil, chlorhexidine, avermectin, etc. are insect-resistant; carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, triadimefon, etc. are disease-preventing; Cao Shu and Nongda are weeding. The scope of prevention and control of pharmaceuticals is limited and there is no "universal medicine." For example, enemy killing can control many pests on cotton, but it is not effective on cotton spiders. High-efficiency Ganoderma Weed Control Grass weeds are effective against broadleaf weeds but not broad-leaved weeds. If the drug is used incorrectly, it will not only fail to achieve the desired control effect, but will even cause more harm than the pest and weed. Therefore, we must choose the appropriate pesticide according to the object of prevention, so as to fully exert the efficacy of the medicament itself. 2 Pay attention to pest control indicators under the guidance of agro-technical departments to apply pesticides in a timely manner to consider the relationship between pest losses and the cost and manpower of pesticides. This will help protect Tian Tian’s natural enemies. Do not spray on seeing disease or insects. During the growing period of the crop, a few lesions and pests are visible at any time. The pesticide should be used under the guidance of the agricultural technology department according to the development period of the pest and the progress of the crop and the pesticide species. It is often not necessary to use medicine to prevent pests in the field. Because every kind of pests and weeds must reach certain prevention and control indicators, it is necessary to use drugs to prevent and control. Failure to meet the prevention and control targets indicates that there is no need to use drugs for prevention and treatment, that is, the use of drugs can also adopt a method of selection and treatment to minimize the cost of agricultural inputs. Such as rice pest control indicators: rice planthoppers: 100 young nymphs 1000 (puppies), 1500 (head); rice leaf roller: 100 young larvae 100 (puppies), 50 (ear boot Phase); II of cercaria: hm2 wither sheath 1200; S. saponica: 1800 eggs per hm2 egg; sheath blight: disease cluster rate of 20%. Cotton insect pest control indicators: cotton leafhoppers have a defective plant rate of 15%; cotton blind insects and elephants, 100 strains of insects, 3 insects; cotton bollworm, 100 strains of young instar larvae; 100 cotton aphids, 100 strains of trifolia, 10000 insects; One hundred newly hatched larvae clustered 1 larvae to control pest nests and control before larvae spread. The top dead rate of cotton aphids was 20%. 3 Appropriate period of application The proper application of pesticide is one of the keys to the control of pests and weeds. When pests are controlled, they are usually in the young stage of pests, and they are easily killed during this period, such as cotton bollworm, Spodoptera litura, etc. Before the 3rd instar drug application, the 3rd instar larvae had weak anti-drug resistance and good control effect. For pests with drill habits, pesticides should be used before the drill collars, such as Sanhua and red bollworms. In the aspect of disease, for the protective fungicides, the pesticide should be applied before the onset of crops or at the initial stage of the disease. For example, the rice blast should be sprayed before the breach 3-5 days; the rice smut should be sprayed before the break 7-lOd. Top defense. In the aspect of grass damage, weeds are more sensitive to pesticides during the budding and primary stages, and should be applied during the sprouting stage or seedling stage of the weeds, and then gradually increase with the development of resistance. 4 Appropriate use of pesticides must be accurately controlled dosage, can not be arbitrarily increased or decreased. In the process of applying pesticides, some of them are simply engaged in, and pharmaceuticals are not used, and the quantities are not allowed. The phenomenon of increasing pesticide dosage and increasing the number of medications at random is also quite common, which not only wastes pesticides, increases costs, and destroys natural enemies in the field. Increase environmental pollution, and some will also cause crops to produce phytotoxicity, while increasing the resistance of pests. 5 Rotational Use After one (or one) pesticide has been continuously used in the same area for many years, the disease will be resistant to insects and weeds, resulting in decreased control efficiency. For example, imidacloprid used to be the dominant product for the prevention and control of rice planthoppers in the past. In 2005, rice planthoppers occurred in the local area. Many farmers responded to the control effect of imidacloprid against brown planthopper, and it was suspected that brown planthopper has developed resistance to imidacloprid. After being examined by experts such as Professor Shen Jinliang of the Department of Pesticides of Nanjing Agricultural University, it was confirmed that N. lugens did produce resistance to imidacloprid. Therefore, pay attention to the use of pesticides. The use of each type of drug does not exceed two times a year, which can reduce the production of pest resistance. For this reason, the use of pesticides must emphasize the rational use of rotation. Such as control of cotton bollworm with organic phosphorus, pyrethroids, carbamate pesticides wheel. 6 Master the application of chemical pesticides should also consider the method and site of application. Spraying is commonly used for pests that injure stems and leaves, and seed dressing, poisonous soil, or poison bait is used for controlling underground pests. Different pests often harm different parts of crops. For example, rice planthoppers mainly feed on the middle and lower parts of rice. Therefore, the middle and lower parts of rice plants should be used as the key pesticide application sites. Cotton spiders are harmed on the back of the leaves. The liquid sprays on the back of the leaves when spraying. To prevent grass damage, take care not to damage the crops. It is best to use a cover when spraying, to prevent the liquid from splashing around. Therefore, it must be even and thoughtful when spraying, no heavy spray, no heavy spray, no heavy pesticides, and pesticides applied in the open to avoid high temperatures during noon. It is best to apply pesticides in the summer before 9:00 in the morning or after 17:30 in the afternoon, and it is most appropriate to use the pesticide in the evening. The pesticide should not be used for more than 3 hours each time. To ensure a good control effect. 7 Strictly abide by the operating procedures of pesticides to prepare pesticides. Do not use caps to pour medicine. Use scaled straws or graduated measuring cups for dispensing. It is forbidden to use a drinking bucket to dispense medicine. It is forbidden to use the bucket of Shengli water to go directly to the well, go down the river, and take water from the lower pool. It is forbidden to stir the liquid by hand. Wear protective equipment when dispensing, such as masks, latex gloves, plastic film aprons and so on. People must stand on the wind side to prevent the inhalation of poison into the human body. When pesticides are sprayed in the field, they must adhere to the wind and spray the medicine intermittently. Do not eat or smoke. After applying pesticides, wash hands, bathe, and change clothes. The sprayer should be cleaned, and unused pesticides should be properly stored. In addition, children, pregnant women, and breastfeeding women should not spray pesticides or have direct exposure to toxic solvents. 8 Pay attention to the use of pesticide packaging after the use of the environment must be handled properly, do not throw it away, to prevent pollution of the surrounding water sources, in order to protect their surroundings.
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