China's cotton fiber quality research has made important progress

The Research Institute of Science and Technology, "973", "Functional genomics research and molecular improvement of cotton fiber quality" chaired by the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has achieved a number of important research advances. Researchers cultivated and explored 179 specific fiber resources in the creation of cotton fiber genetic resources and the genetic basis of quality traits. Among them, 121 were related to fiber quality, 25 were related to fiber development, and 13 were related to fiber color. . More than 200 mutations were initially created, 118 were genetically modified and DNA materials, 79 of which were fiber mutations, and included mutants such as infertility, dwarfing, colored cotton, and multi-resistance. In the transcriptomics and library construction, 29,992 cotton ESTs were obtained. Sequence analysis showed that 12,233 of them were independent ESTs, and a large number of fiber-expressed genes or genes with high fiber expression were proved by cDNA microarray or RT-PCR techniques. It was found that among the 169 metabolic pathways, up to 12 of the 169 metabolic pathways were significantly expressed at the 0.05 level, and the role of key metabolic pathways in promoting fiber elongation was verified by in vitro ovule culture. In terms of gene research, 12,000 cDNA libraries have been constructed that are highly expressed during the fiber development stage, and 100 genes related to fiber development have been obtained. At the same time, more than 20 transcription factors have been screened for the purpose of cell wall and cytoskeletal synthesis. gene. In the aspect of protein fiber spectrum construction of cotton fiber cells, the protein profiles of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after flowering were obtained, and the protein spots reached 1346, 1316, 1297, and 1321, respectively. In the functional verification of the key genes of cotton fiber quality traits, three transgenic methods, including Agrobacterium-mediated, pollen tube passage, and particle gun bombardment, have been mastered, and a large-scale cotton transgenic technology system has been established. Several types of transgenic technologies are effective. Assemble and realize assembly line operations, establish an efficient, factory-based cotton transgenic technology system, and annually produce more than 6,000 transgenic cotton plants, establish a rapid gene function verification system, and perform functional verification of more than 20 target genes each year. In the area of ​​molecular improvement, 1200 markers have been analyzed for segregating populations, and genetic maps with more than 1,000 markers will be obtained within one month.

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