Leaf protein is a source of high quality protein feed for monogastric livestock and poultry. Adding 7% to 9% of concentrated foliar protein to pig feed can save 25% to 30% of soybean feed. Adding 2.5% to 6% of loquat leaf protein to chick diets is good for increasing body weight. effect. There are many pastures suitable for the extraction of leaf proteins, such as grasses and forage legumes. At present, the use of alfalfa and ryegrass at home and abroad for leaf protein processing. Forage grass leaf protein extraction rate is generally 3% to 5% of fresh weight. The extraction process is as follows: First, the smashed juice is beaten with a hammer beater or a pulverizer, and then squeezed with a squeezer. Second, agglutination is usually performed by heating, acid addition, alkali addition or fermentation. 1, heating method. With steam heating, when the grass juice quickly warms up to 70-80°C, the albumin coagulates within minutes. Heat treatment can stop the enzymolysis of leaf protein, thereby reducing the loss of nutrients. The disadvantage is that it easily causes thermal denaturation of the protein and reduces the water absorption, solubility and emulsification of the leaf protein. 2, add alkali, add acid method. The pH of the grass sap was adjusted to 8 to 8.6 with sodium hydroxide or ammonia and then immediately heated and solidified. Or use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the herbage juice to 4 to 6.4, and then isolate the leaf protein using the isoelectric point principle. 3, fermentation method. The forage grass juice was fermented under anoxic conditions for about 48 hours, and the leaf protein was coagulated and precipitated using lactic acid produced by Lactobacillus. The leaf protein coagulated by fermentation not only has the characteristics of soft texture and good solubility, but also has the ability to destroy harmful substances in plants such as saponin. However, due to the longer fermentation time, the enzymolysis of leaf protein is prolonged, which will cause a certain amount of nutrient loss. Therefore, it is necessary to inoculate lactic acid bacteria in time to shorten the fermentation time. Third, the separation and drying of leaf protein coagulation of leaf protein mostly curd-like, precipitation, filtration or centrifugation can be used to separate the leaf protein. Drying can be performed with a multi-function evaporator, a spray dryer, and the like. If it is naturally dry, salt with a concentration of 7% to 8% can be added to the leaf protein to prevent its spoilage. IV. Utilization of leaf protein processing by-products The residue of fresh forage grass juice accounts for 75% to 85% of the dry weight of forage grass. Its digestibility of organic matter and protein is lower than hay of the same herbage, and the digestibility of crude fiber is different. If it is not large, it can be directly fed, or it can be fed to ruminants after silage or pelleted feed. After the extracted grass juice extracts the leaf protein, the remaining waste liquid generally accounts for 40% to 50% of the fresh weight and can be used as an animal feed or an alcohol product.
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