Why is the cylinder tapered?

First, the diesel engine cylinder wear characteristics: the upper part of the cylinder wear is greater, the more gradually wear down, the cylinder along the length of the formation of irregular cone. When the piston is in the top dead center position, the first cylinder ring has the largest amount of wear on the surface of the corresponding cylinder wall, showing a clear step.
Second, the main reason:
1. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, friction and wear of the piston ring against the cylinder wall. During the working stroke, the piston ring is subjected to high pressure by the high-pressure combustion gas, which generates a great pressure on the cylinder wall. In particular, the first compression ring corresponds to the maximum pressure on the surface of the cylinder wall, which in turn decreases. Due to the effect of high pressure, the lubricating film on the cylinder wall is thinned and even destroyed. The high temperature makes it difficult to form oil film, and even burn off part of the film. Therefore, under such poor lubrication conditions, the semi-dry frictional state between the cylinder and the piston ring's working surface causes mechanical wear. As the piston is in the top dead center position, the cylinder wall corresponding to the first compression ring is most affected by the above, so the wear of the cylinder wall is also the most serious.
2, abrasive wear. Due to dust in the air and mechanical impurities in the lubricating oil (grit and machine wear products), as well as hard abrasive materials such as coke, after entering the cylinder and piston, piston ring mating surface, when the piston group in the cylinder for high-speed reciprocating motion It will cause abrasive wear. However, when these abrasives are in the upper part of the cylinder, their edges and corners are the most sharp, so that the wear on the upper part of the cylinder is large.
3, electrochemical corrosion. In the combustion process of fuel, various oxides and hydrocarbons generated, when it encounters water vapor, will form acidic substances (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, and organic acid) and will play a corrosive effect on the cylinder wall. The production of acidic substances is related to the temperature of the cylinder. When the temperature of the cylinder wall is lower than 140°C, it is equivalent to the temperature of the engine cooling water of 80-85°C. The water vapor easily condenses and reacts with the combustion products to generate acidic substances.

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