Balanced fertilization of grapes

Grape is the most widely grown fruit in the world. It is rich in nutrition, with its delicious taste and special flavor. It is loved by people all over the world. At the same time, it also has a high economic value and is also widely cultivated in China. However, many farmers lack experience in the management of grapes. In order to pursue yields, blindly applying fertilizers results in not only failing to increase economic efficiency, but also causing many economic losses.

Need for fertilizer in grapes:

1. Fermentation demand is large The grape grows vigorously, the result is large in quantity, and the demand for soil nutrients is also more. Research shows that for every 100 kilograms of fruit produced, vines need to absorb 0.3-0.6 kg of nitrogen from the soil and phosphorus pentoxide. 0.1 to 0.3 kg, potassium 0.3 to 0.65 kg, magnesium 0.1 kg, and sulfur 0.05 kg.

2. The demand for potassium fertilizer is large Under the general production conditions, the ratio of demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to grapes is 1:0.5:1.2. If we want to increase the output and enhance the quality, the proportion of phosphorus and potassium will increase, except for the potassium element. The demand for magnesium, sulfur, calcium, iron, zinc, manganese and other elements of grapes is also higher than that of other fruit trees.

3. The type of fertilizer required changes with the growth and development stages. Generally, a large amount of nitrogen nutrition is needed from the bud to the flowering stage. An abundant supply of boron is needed during the flowering period, and a large amount of phosphorus and potassium are needed during berry development and flower bud differentiation, and the fruits mature. Calcium nutrients are needed and some nitrogen nutrition is still needed after harvest.

Fertilizing techniques for grapes:

Fertilization principle: Fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and soil testing and formula fertilization are adopted.

1. The most important part of fertilizing the base fertilizer in the basal vineyard is applied in autumn. It can be carried out after harvesting the grapes and before the soil is frozen. Practice has shown that the application of basal fertilization in autumn is getting as early as possible. In the fence garden, a fertilization ditch with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 40-50 cm can be opened alternately; the scaffolding can be ditched under the frame, and the ditch can not be separated from the tree too much, so as not to affect the growth. Each mus of fermented and cooked organic fertilizer 1500 ~ 3000 kg, with the available fertilizer, such as "Mei Sheng" compound fertilizer 18-12-18 potassium sulfate magnesium 75 to 100 kg, a layer of fertilizer layer of soil in order to fill the ditch. The amount of basal fertilizer is 50-60% of the whole year, and all organic fertilizer should be applied to the basal fertilizer.

2. The soil topdressing is used during the growing season of the grapes. Generally, top dressing is applied 2~3 times a year. The first time the buds begin to swell in the early spring, when the flower buds are being differentiated, and the new ones will begin to thrive. You can choose "Meisheng" compound fertilizers 32-6-12, 34-0-16 for top dressing. Mushi 20 to 25 kilograms, mature garden Mushi 40 to 50 kilograms; the second time after flowering Xie young fruit expansion early, the top dressing not only can promote young fruit enlargement, but also conducive to flower bud differentiation. The “Massy” complex fertilizer 18-12-18 potassium magnesium sulfate can be selected, and the young garden Mushi 30-35 kg, and the mature garden Mushi 60-70 kilograms; the third time in the early stage of fruit coloring, can choose “ "Mison" 18-12-18 potassium sulfate compound magnesium, young garden Mushi 20 to 25 kg? Adult garden Mushi 40 to 50 kg.

3, foliar spray fertilizer foliar spray fertilizer can quickly supply the nutrients needed for grape growth, generally can be divided into 4 to 5 times, the first time in the flowering period, with nitrogen and boron fertilizer (to promote new shoot growth and flower bud differentiation) . Young fruit spray 2 or 3 times (increased fruit setting rate), mainly nitrogen fertilizer before July, phosphorus and potash fertilizers (to increase yield, improve quality) after July, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and amino acid in the near mature period Type, rare earth foliar fertilizer (to improve storage performance). Spraying concentration should be 0.1% to 0.5%.

Root dressing is just a way to supplement the nutrition of the plant and it cannot replace the base fertilizer and top dressing.

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