The survival rate of grafted cucumber in winter is generally 85% to 90%, while the survival rate of grafting in summer is only 55% to 65%. The main reason is that the summer temperature is high, grafting tools are not matched, and post-grafting management is not good. In recent years, the author summarized techniques for improving the survival rate of cucumber grafting to over 85% in summer. The specific measures are as follows.
The rootstock is generally used for pumpkins, and Jingxin anvil No. 4, Oriental Changsheng, and Yelang can be selected. The seeds are dried for 4 to 6 hours, then soaked in warm water at 55°C for 6 hours, and then put into a 100 mg/L butyric acid hydrazone solution after germination at 24°C for 24 to 26 hours. Let it soak for 3 to 5 minutes, remove the soy into the tray, pay attention to the soil around the cover, dry on the wet. Phosphorus and Potassium fertilizers are the main basal fertilizers, and less or no nitrogen fertilizers are used to control them. When 70%-80% of the pumpkins were unearthed, 0.2% compound fertilizer solution was poured, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and brown sugar water were sprayed 5 days after sowing. Grafting rootstocks requires thick stalks, thick green leaves, and thick leaves, with plant heights controlled between 7 and 10 cm. Pay attention to alternating wet and dry, watering should be done in the morning. The eighth day after sowing, it can be grafted. At this time, the true leaves of the pumpkin are 1 cent coin size.
The main scion was selected for the scion. The method of seed treatment before seeding was basically the same as that of the rootstock. Seeds can be sown 5 days after sowing.
Grafting tools will change the tip of the grafted iron sign to a flat mouth to increase the wound surface of the rootstock and promote the healing of scion and rootstock.
Grafting was grafted using the top-inserting method, and the rootstocks were sent to the heart with a 30-35 degree oblique plug with an iron sign to expose the rootstock. Two scalpels are cut to increase the wound surface and the wound healing surface is increased. The scion angle is 30 to 35 degrees. Grafted good melon seedlings quickly placed on the seedbed, covered with a non-drip plastic film, do not ventilate all around the pressure, humidity maintained at 75% to 80%.
After the grafting, management focuses on temperature control and humidity control and can cover two shade nets. Ventilate once in the morning, middle and evening on the second day after grafting. The time is controlled within 20 minutes. When the temperature is too high at noon, the film removal time should be short, just change the air. With the growth of grafted seedlings, the time required to remove the seedlings and extend the seedlings can be appropriately extended. On the fourth day after grafting, the vast majority of grafted seedlings can be stripped of the film after they survive, but continue to cover the shade net. On the sixth day after grafting, the shade net was removed and transferred to normal management.
The prevention and treatment of disease and insect pests should be carried out one day before grafting, to prevent the occurrence of damping-off diseases, diseases, anthrax, and other diseases. After the onset of disease, 64% of the anti-mite can be sprayed with Mn-Zn wettable powder and procymidone. The pests mainly include whitefly, aphids, and whiteflies.
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