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The development of drying technology requires both industrial practice and academic research. In June 1965, the Shanghai Chemical Industry Society organized a dry-filtration technology conference in six cities in East China. In May 1975, the former Ministry of Chemical Industry organized a conference on drying technology in Nanjing. In October 1986, the China Chemical Industry Society held the second national dry technology exchange meeting in Shanghai. Since then, in September 1989 (the year the organization established the national dry group, * the leader of the group, Professor Li Wei, the second leader, Professor Wang Xizhong The current team leader Shi Yongchun is a researcher in Dalian, in Wuhan in 1992, in Taicang in Jiangsu in 1995, in Wuxi in Jiangsu in 1997, in Jinan in Shandong in 1999, in Harbin in 2002, and in Hangzhou in 2004. Dry meeting. The 10th National Dry Meeting was held in Nanjing in September 2005. The meeting was just 30 years from the 1975* meeting. In the past 30 years, China's drying industry has made great progress through the unremitting efforts of national entrepreneurs and scholars.
In addition to the chemical industry, the Chinese agricultural sector, the timber sector has also held many national dry technology conferences in the past 30 years. In addition, the infrared drying and freeze-drying communities have also held professional drying conferences. In 1996, the National Natural Science Foundation of China also The National Dry Academic Symposium was held, which shows that Chinese academic circles have paid great attention to the research and development of drying technology.
The research of drying technology not only studies the drying performance of thousands of different drying materials, but also studies various energy-saving and efficient new drying equipment, as well as the reasonable operating parameters of certain materials in certain drying equipment. It has been hoped that a dry model will be established through the study of drying theory in order to obtain good results on a computer. Unfortunately, until today, for most drying operations, in the absence of experience, only relevant data can be obtained through experiments to guide production practices.
For the drying technology, there are three objectives that are recognized by scholars, that is, the drying operation is to ensure the quality of the product; the drying operation does not cause pollution to the environment; the drying energy-saving research. Chinese scholars have achieved a lot of results in the research of drying technology in the past 30 years. The following is a brief introduction.
Researcher Liu Dengyu from the Institute of Engineering Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences studied the ultra-rapid heat and mass transfer under the micro-time scale and high heat flux. The experiment verified the existence of the non-Fourier heat conduction (non-equilibrium) effect. The influence of the heat effect of the inner leaf and the non-Fick diffusion on the drying process, and a comprehensive study on the unsteady drying process in the multi-layer fluidized bed dryer and the countercurrent flow dryer. In addition, theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out on vertical, semi-ring and combinations thereof.
Professor Liu Xiangdong of China Agricultural University studied the pore network simulation and fractal network simulation of the wet separation process in porous media in the theory of drying, and explained the heat transfer process between materials and drying media, providing theoretical support for drying technology. He also conducted in-depth research on pulsating combustion drying technology.
Professor Cao Chongwen of China Agricultural University is an expert on grain drying in China. He has conducted research on computer simulation of grain drying process and developed a variety of simulation software. The research and development of 5HG-4, 5 grain drying equipment has been promoted more than 100 sets. In addition, a variety of new drying technologies, such as superheated steam drying, impinging stream drying, pulsating drying, and collision drying, have been discussed and studied.
Professor Zhang Shuguang of China Forestry University is a Chinese wood drying expert. He has developed a wood dehumidifying dryer and a multi-function heat pump dryer. He has obtained many research results in the research of heat transfer and mass transfer in solar drying and wood drying process.
Professor Gu Lianbai of Nanjing Forestry University is a well-known wood drying expert in China. He has made many achievements in the research of “short-cycle industrial drying technologyâ€, “the research of wood waste energy combined drying technology†and “wood hot pressing technologyâ€. Research results.
Researcher Wang Zongxi of the Forestry Institute of the Chinese Academy of Forestry is one of the famous spray drying experts in China. He and the comrades of the research group developed spray drying of 100,000 cP high-viscosity materials in the early 1980s. In the research of centrifugal spray atomizer, a series of theoretical problems of flexible shafting were solved by three-point mechanical model. The amount of liquid sprayed from 5 to 40 000 kg / h, the speed from 10,000 to 32,000 r / min atomizer. In the high-pressure spray, the production capacity of 50t/day has been developed, and the disperse dye with a particle size of 0.3~0.5mm can be produced.
Professor Wang Xizhong of the Dry Engineering Research Office of Dalian University of Technology is one of the famous spray drying experts in China. He and his colleagues Professor Wang Baohe and Professor Yu Caiyuan have conducted extensive research on the spray drying industrial device in China. The device can reach 10 000t per year. The research on microencapsulation technology of phospholipid oil and lycopene, electrostatic atomization technology, supercritical drying and nano powder drying are all in the domestic linger position.
Dr. Chen Guohua from the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology has conducted in-depth research on the hot air impact, penetration and impact penetration drying of paper, and found for the first time that there is a secondary acceleration phase. He solved the drying of the scholars with rigorous testing methods. a series of conjectures. In addition, microwave drying and microwave freeze-drying of porous materials such as traditional Chinese medicine have been studied.
Professor Qi Zhide from the School of Electrical Automation and Energy Engineering of Tianjin University has been widely used in the research of far infrared heating and drying technology. It has been well applied in the field of Chinese medicine decoction pieces, coating film and thin wood board drying.
Professor Pan Yongkang from Tianjin University of Science and Technology (formerly Tianjin Institute of Light Industry) and his colleagues Professor Li Zhanyong, Associate Professor Zhao Lijuan and Dr. Li Jianguo together studied the biological drying of biologically active materials and fruits and vegetables when they found that some biological materials were dry, if they entered the wet ball When the temperature is close to the fermentation temperature of the biological material, the activity of the biological product (90% or more) can be largely preserved. The dynamic and rapid drying of the fruit and vegetable slices can be made from the initial moisture content close to 90% to the final moisture content of 10% within 0.5h, and the effective nutrient content reaches the retention of the good. They have developed research on the industrial application of fluidized bed, so that the vibrating fluidized bed is evenly distributed, and no powder is leaked. The residence time of the material in the bed can be adjusted within a large range. Various special crushing devices are designed to effectively dry the materials agglomerated after heating, such as polyester particles and water absorbing resin.
Professor Xu Chenghai from Northeastern University is a domestic expert on freeze drying. In recent years, he has successfully developed continuous vacuum drying equipment and continuous vacuum freeze-drying equipment, which can freeze and dry live bacteria, live poison, skin, bones, cornea and other biological products. Significance.
Professor Zhu Wenxue of Henan University of Science and Technology studied the expansion mechanism of stress cracks in grain drying process by using fractal theory, and carried out simulation of extended dynamics analysis and expansion process. Through the study of the infrared radiation absorption characteristics of cereals, the infrared dry spectrum region of cereals was determined by the principle of non-matching infrared absorption, and a new generation of gas infrared dryer was designed. It provides a new choice for fast, shelf-saving, low-cost drying and storage of cereals. Based on the research on the mechanism of collision drying. The process parameters of the slag-dried dry slag-like materials were determined, and the research on the flower-free preservation and drying technology was carried out. The dried peony flowers basically maintained the shape and color of the growing state, and the economy of the whole peony industry could be improved in order to extend the viewing period. Benefits provide a new way.
Dr. Dong Tieyou from Henan University of Science and Technology, for the first time in the research of new microwave drying technology, proposed the energy distribution in the microwave drying chamber. The theoretical method should be determined according to the radiant energy distribution of the antenna. Through the research on the energy reflection characteristics of the microwave drying chamber under typical load conditions and the microwave drying technology of rice, the data which has important reference value for practical application is obtained: the microwave freeze-drying technology is used to creatively study the Chinese foods. Processing technology and basic process parameters.
Professor Xu Shengyan from Jiangsu University studied the spouted bed drying and developed the spouted bed low temperature pyrolysis waste rubber technology.
Dr. Yan Hebin from Harbin Dongyu Agricultural Engineering Design and Research Institute first proposed the drying process of rice drying with slow mixing and slow drying, designed the SHSH-10 rice compound drying machine, and systematically sorted out the parameters of rice physical and thermal properties. A system for data on rice drying technology.
In addition, Liu Guangwen, a senior engineer at the Northeast Chemical Design Institute, conducted in-depth research on the combination of dye drying process and equipment, and found that there is a law of crystal transformation when the dye is dry. He has published "Dye Processing Technology" and "Spray Drying Application". "Technology Daquan" and other monographs. Qian Qiqi, a senior worker at Shanghai Dachuan, has a unique research on the drying of traditional Chinese medicine extracts. Professor Liang Yunzhang of Inner Mongolia University has developed a unique high-pressure electrostatic drying to ensure good quality of ginseng and other dehydration. There are still many scholars and companies that have done a lot of work on new equipment development and old equipment improvements. Due to limited space, they are not listed here.
The achievements of China's modern drying technology are the result of the joint efforts of Chinese scholars and the business community. Although there are many gratifying results, the competition among enterprises in China is still not standardized, which hinders the healthy development of drying technology. Many of the results have not yet been translated into productivity, so that the company's products are not updated. To make China's modern drying technology develop faster, it is necessary for scholars to work harder and to make the dry technology market more orderly.
Altitude: high altitude area light, clean air, environment close to original condition, no industrial pollution. With an average elevation of 1160-2900m, the central health center has a strong uv light, which produces the natural pollution-free apple, which conforms to the concept of a modern green diet.
Temperature: moderate temperature can avoid the chance of fruit tree encountering disease. The average temperature in ningxia is 8.4 degrees Celsius, which has an important influence on the growth, development, yield and quality of apple. The piedmont apple is thriving in such a good environment.
Humidity environment: moderate amount of rainfall provides necessary conditions for apple's growth. The annual rainfall in the central health region is 186 millimeters. The fruit is slow to grow and the fruit is hard and hard, which fully guarantees the fruit's sugar content and the relatively average size of apples.
Sunshine condition: apple is the fruit tree, the central health area of the whole year is nearly 3,800 hours, is beneficial to the Apple Fruit coloring. The piedmont apples are red and bright.
Temperature difference factors: ambassador apple nighttime respiration weak temperature gap between day and night, consume less organic matter, the accumulation of organic matter during the day more, that apple store down a large number of glucose sugar candy, etc have better taste. The average diurnal temperature difference between apple and apple is 14 degrees centigrade, and the larger diurnal temperature difference ensures the sweet and delicious characteristics of the apple.
Other factors: frost can make apple blossom and fruit, which can cause frozen flower jelly, which is bad for apple's production. The piedmont apple has been kept at least 167 days without frost for the whole year, which minimizes the influence of apple on yield and quality.
China's modern drying technology has been gradually developed since the 1950s. So far, it has been used for common drying equipment such as air drying, spray drying, fluidized bed drying, rotary flash drying, infrared drying, microwave drying, freeze drying and other equipment. China can produce and supply the market. Some new drying technologies such as impact drying, collision drying, superheat drying, pulsating combustion drying, heat pump drying, etc. have also been developed, and some have been industrialized.