Greenhouse cow dung medium mushroom production technology

Mushroom production is a rough road to higher agricultural production efficiency. However, the level of cultivation technology directly affects output efficiency and economic income. Now, according to the actual conditions such as climate change and formulation changes in cultivation materials, the practical conditions for the cultivation of materials are practical. The technical introduction is as follows:

First, the preparation of culture materials

Wheat straw 15kg per square meter, dried cow dung 8kg, superphosphate 0.5kg, bean cake powder 0.5kg, ammonia bicarbonate 0.5kg, gypsum powder 0.25kg, lime powder 0.3kg, carbon-nitrogen ratio is about 31:1.

Second, build a heap and early fermentation

According to practical experience, in the northern part of Hebei Province, the construction time is generally suitable for completion from August 20 to 30, and the first phase of fermentation is four phases, totaling 23 days, and the respective phases are respectively 7d, 7d, 7d, and 2d. Secondary pre-wet, the straw is piled into a haystack about 30cm high and 2m wide. The length is related to the scale of the after-production. A layer of grass is piled and water is poured once and it is piled to a height of about 1.5m. What method of water yield increases the yield of straw mushroom? Must be enough, spray water the next day, mainly wet. For the second time, on the previous day, the dry cow dung was pre-wetted with water until the cow dung had no white heart. Then, ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, and cake fat were added to the cow dung. When it is time to stack a layer of grass (30cm), sprinkling water once, stacking a layer of cow dung, with a total height of 1.5-1.8m. The third turn to be mixed with materials, the internal turn to the outside, the external turn inside, the upper Turn over and turn the lower part up, a layer of grass, a layer of cow dung, a layer of gypsum powder, and water again. The stacking width is 1.5m and the height is 1.8m. The top layer is covered with a layer of cow dung, and water is added with lime water. The fourth turn is the same as for the third time, but the water must be added with lime water, the water content is about 68%, and the hand grasps the material, there are 2-3 drops of water in the fingers, and after 2-3 days, the water can enter. Mushrooms, pH control at around 8. From the time the stack is assembled to the front of the room, cover two layers of plastic film in case of heavy rain and remove it immediately after the rain.

III. Construction of mushroom house

Mushroom frame width of 70cm on the wall, both sides of mushroom walkway 1.2m, one for every 1.3m pole, layer distance 50cm, the lowest layer is 25cm from the ground, the highest can reach 9 layers, the walkway width is 60cm. Doors and windows are aligned to walkways, each mu The sheds have 3-6 open windows. Each window is 30cm long and 20cm wide. The bamboo frame should be built firmly, and the weight of 80kg per square meter can be tolerated. The fourth level crossbar can reach the walkway. Going above, the mushroom house is lined up every 2cm with small bamboo poles, and the mushroom house construction must be completed before the mushroom material enters the house.

Fourth, second fermentation (Pasteurization)

Preparation before entering the house: The mushroom house should be cleaned. The top of the house should be covered with a layer of plastic film (in order to keep warm) to prevent air leaks. The cultivation materials should be finished in one day and they should be leveled after they are finished. The top layer should be covered. 3cm thick wheat straw, and then cover a layer of plastic film to prevent drip above, mushroom house to be sealed, so that the temperature inside the room to increase, reduce fuel, the next day began to build stoves, the third day began to air, the room temperature can be increased to 40 Above °C, before sending air, if the material is dry, you can spray lime water once more. After the intake air, keep at 60°C for 8 hours (cannot exceed 60°C), then slowly cool down to 50-52°C for 100 hours. At the same time, we must open the window properly to vent the bad gas outside. After the ceasefire, it should become high quality. Culture materials, white actinomycetes, no odor, if there is odor, to find out the reasons. The secondary fermentation can make Humicola and actinomycetes grow in large numbers, decompose the compost material better, and can kill many bacteria and ticks in the mushroom house and culture materials, avoid or minimize the use of pesticides, and benefit mushrooms. Growth, increase production, such as using a ground shed, turning more than twice, and in the last time when the vertebral turbidity was sprayed with 0.5% dichlorvos on the culture material and mushroom shed to disinfect and kill fleas.

Fifth, sowing

If the temperature drops below 28°C, sowing can be done. Cloudy days can be planted on a cloudy day and sunny days after 3pm. The seeding rate is one bottle per square meter, first half of the total amount is spread on the surface of the culture material, and then the finger is inserted into the material to move a few times, so that the seeds fall into the material 2-3cm, and then the remaining half of the seed Scatter on the surface of the material, and gently pat the material surface with a wooden board or pelvic floor, then spray 0.5% lime water on the surface of the material. After the moisture is dry, the material surface begins to close, and after observation, it is necessary to observe and prevent the inside of the house. The temperature rises and the bacteria are burned. After 5 days, the breeze can be passed through. After the bell species of the bacteria material is taken into account, it can be ventilated in large amounts to allow the hyphae to extend into the material as soon as possible, and the hyphae will begin to cover the soil about 15 cm below the bed.

Six, cover soil

Each square meter needs 35kg clay and 0.4kg lime powder. The soil should use sterile soil 20cm below the ground surface, then break it and dry it, add lime powder, add water to adjust humidity, and the water content should be hand-held into a group. degree. The vertebral lobe height is about 1m, spray a small amount of dichlorvos, cover with a plastic film 1-2d, and then cover the soil. Before the soil cover, a small amount of lime water shall be sprayed on the material surface, close the doors and windows, wait until the hyphae recover, and start covering the soil. The cover soil can be covered with a clean tool and the thickness is about 2.5cm. The soil can be poured on the wood and then used by hand. Cover it so that it is relatively uniform and uniform in thickness. After the soil is covered, water can be sprayed. The amount of water sprayed is 1-2kg per square meter, and it is sprayed in 2 days. Then use 0.5% 0.2% carbendazim solution to prevent germs. After the soil is no longer visible, it can begin to close. Wait until the mycelium soil, the first place to add a layer of fine soil, you can make up 1-2 times. After all the hyphae have been soiled (soil hyphae in the soil), they can be ventilated and sprayed with mushroom water.

Seven, water spray

The sprinkling mushroom water should start at room temperature below 22°C, 1-1.5kg per square meter, divided into 2-3 shots and sprays, and then open the window for ventilation. Practice has proved that if the cold wind blows in, the variable temperature stimulation can produce more Better mushrooms. The temperature difference between 3-5°C is appropriate. Mushrooms grow to 0.5cm or so will be sprayed mushroom water, this time the mushroom water to be more, 1.5-2.5kg per square meter, mushroom more than when more than spray, when the mushroom less spray, sub-multiple spray, spray can not close after . The mushroom room temperature is kept below 20°C.

Eight, pick mushrooms

Mushrooms grow to 2-4cm to pick mushrooms. When picking the first mushroom, the technique of planting the mushroom is to apply a finger to the stem of the mushroom to gently turn it, leaving a small amount of mushroom root on the bed, which is beneficial to picking mushrooms later. After harvesting mushrooms, do not crush or bruise. Use a bucket or basket. Do not use a bag. Use a sharp knife to cut about 0.5cm and send it to a mushroom collection site for sale.

After the first meal picking, you must sort the mushroom bed, remove the mushroom head and dead mushroom, make up the fine soil, stop the water and raise the mycelia, and then sprinkle the water and keep the mushroom after the mushroom is out.