Ecological breeding mode introduction

In recent years, the aquaculture industry in various parts of the country has achieved remarkable development, and the scale of livestock and poultry production continues to expand. However, the large amount of waste generated, such as waste water, waste gas and waste residue, directly or indirectly enters the atmosphere and water bodies. And the soil causes serious pollution of the surrounding environment, endangers the health of livestock and people, and affects the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Faced with this problem, we are actively exploring solutions. How to provide livestock and poultry products to the community while also protecting the ecological environment of human beings to the utmost and developing ecological farming of livestock and poultry is a healthy and continuous breeding industry. A good way to develop the land.
Livestock and poultry ecological farming means planning, designing, organizing, adjusting and managing livestock and poultry production according to ecological and ecological economic principles according to local conditions, so as to maintain and improve the quality of ecological environment, maintain ecological balance, and maintain the coordination of livestock and poultry husbandry. Sustainable development of production forms. Ecological farming is based on the principle of “integrity, coordination, recycling, and regeneration”. It enables agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and other industries to support each other, complement each other, increase comprehensive production capacity, and achieve economic, ecological, and social benefits. Breeding and breeding, livestock and poultry manure to achieve sustainable development of aquaculture. We must not only rationally use natural resources to develop animal husbandry, but also must vigorously develop aquaculture while protecting natural resources, maintaining ecological balance, ensuring the sustainable use of aquaculture resources, and achieving sustainable development of livestock and aquaculture production. Improve the quality of breeding products. Here are some of the simple ecological species breeding models that I have promoted and applied in recent years:
Pattern 1: Goose-fish-fruit-grass three-dimensional ecological breeding Goose farming is an industry with low breeding cost, high product quality, and good efficiency. The geese have strong adaptability, mainly eating green feed, and the production facilities are simple. The goose meat has high nutritional value, and the goose products are basically non-pollution and belong to green food. In recent years, the city's Luzi Town Zhedong White Goose Breeding Farm combines geese with forestry, fruit, and fishery production to form a benign ecological cycle and achieve good economic and ecological benefits.
Goose farm production mode for the goose - goose manure - fish ponds, fruit trees, pastures and other - goose. Goose dung is deposited into fruit trees, pastures, and vegetable fields through accumulation and fermentation to reduce the input of fertilizers; grass is planted in orchards, geese can be grazing, pastures fed, and fish fed; gooses are stocked in fish ponds to clean feathers and improve Disease resistance, goose feces can increase fish, shrimp feed, while the geese swimming on the surface of the water can increase oxygen for the ponds, to goose gourd fruit and other win-win results. The fruit and grass livestock and poultry “biological chain” of “grass grass, grass raising geese, geese manure land, fertilizer land urging fruit, and geese manure feeding fish” was formed, and an ecological agriculture development path was initially developed.
At present, the goose farm has chosen to feed the Zhedong White Goose which is suitable for local consumption. It has the advantages of strong disease resistance, rapid growth, marketability and high profitability. In the rearing management, we mainly focus on brooding, disinfection, and prevention. The brooding is mainly focused on the “boiling water” of the goslings for food, heat and humidity, and timely grazing. The disinfection and disinfection mainly focuses on the disinfection of the brooding houses, the disinfection of goose houses, the disinfection of the geese, and the sterilization of goose strips to reduce the occurrence and spread of pathogenic bacteria. The epidemic prevention program is mainly used for the prevention of gosling plague, bird flu, goose paramyxovirus disease, and E. coli disease, etc. Immunization is conducted according to scientific immunization procedures, and diseases, such as isolation, prevention and treatment, are discovered in time. Feeding fodder for the first 20 days of goslings was dominated by concentrates, followed by forages, supplemented with concentrates or farm (subsidiary) products such as corn and alfalfa.
Gooses are herbivores and poultry, and the cultivation of good pasture is half of the success of geese. In addition to the use of a part of orchards and weeds in crops, good pasturage must be planted. In the second and second quarter of the year, ryegrass is used in autumn. Lord, it is easy to grow, with high yield and good quality. It is appropriate to grow Mexican corn and bitter leeks in spring. These varieties are more suitable for local planting. Forage cultivation mainly includes prevention of drought, flood control, application of good fertilizer, and removal of weeds.
Grazing grazing in the orchards should be planned for rotational nomadic herding, divided into several plots, and rational use of grassland. When pastures are insufficient, they must be mowing and supplementing fine materials. The geese should also be grouped reasonably, 500 or so are appropriate. Combining grazing and water release, gradually adjusting to form a good grazing, water, rest, eating habits. When there are more pastures in spring, some grasses can be put into ponds to feed fish.
Goose farms produce geese, fish, fruit, grass and other circulatory products, which can achieve good comprehensive economic benefits. Fruit and vegetable fields can be reduced by more than 10 kg of pure nitrogen per acre, which can save 36 yuan in fertilizer costs. At the same time, organic fertilizer such as goose manure can improve soil fertility, improve the physical properties of the land, reduce the pollution of the environment caused by geese and manure, and solve the way out of geese. Therefore, the development of grass breeding geese, fish farming, fruit trees, fruits and vegetables, etc., is to promote the sustainable development of ecological agriculture and green food development and utilization of a very worthy of the promotion of the production model.
Mode 3: Rice (duckling) duck co-education In recent years, with the increasing importance of water environment protection in various regions, the breeding space for ducks and waterfowl has been greatly constrained. At present, through the joint efforts and explorations of farmers and agricultural technicians, the city has stocked ducks in paddy fields such as rice paddy rice, alfalfa and other aquatic crops to achieve mutual success and mutual success. The mode of production of this composite agro-ecological breeding system is optimized. Breeding structure, prevent environmental pollution, vigorously develop pollution-free agriculture, ecological breeding industry, increase farmers' breeding efficiency has a very significant role in promoting.
In production, we usually choose meat-type hybrid Muscovy ducks or ducks for breeding ducks. These breeds of ducks grow fast, have strong resistance to diseases, and have low injury rate and good flexibility during the serial feeding process. Each duck can grow to 1.5-3 kg.
Before the ducks are stocked, ducks are brooded in the shed. The brooding room is kept indoors for feeding and injecting vaccines to prevent disease. The ducklings are vaccinated for the first time in ten days or so, and the second one is reared. Half an month before the release of inactivated vaccine for bird flu. At the same time, feed a small amount of soaked minced rice and drink fresh water, and put some shallow-bottomed containers on the ground of the rearing room to create fresh water for ducklings to play in order to improve their adaptability to water. After about 20 days of keeping, you can stock up on the field to feed yourself.
Before the ducks are put into the field, the fences should be fenced with fences and nets to prevent the damage from wild dogs, weasel and wildcats. The nets use insect nets or nets with small meshes. The height of wooden piles or bamboo piles is 1.2-1.5 meters, and the area of ​​each fenced unit is 8 acres to 12 acres. The stocking density of ducks per mu is 15 ~20 only.
The time that ducks are put into the field after brooding differs depending on the planting type. The white field is usually from late August to early September, while the Hemudu double season white field is generally put in the middle or late May. Rice fields, put in the time of rice transplanting 7-14 days, rice seedlings returned to green when the beginning of the delivery is better.
The spacing and line spacing of ducks in Pak Pak Tin vary depending on the type of white barley. Hemudu has a double spacing of 60 cm x 90 cm and the autumn of Zhejiang is 50 cm x 75 cm. The suitable spacing facilitates the foraging activities of Muscovy ducks. It does not waste the field. The field should maintain a certain water layer. Due to the role of duck dung, the white ducklings in the white ducklings in the entire growing season use less fertilizer than the common alfalfa and do not apply herbicides to reduce the number of pest control and pesticide use.
In paddy fields, the field surface must have a certain water layer, and as the duck grows, the water layer is properly deepened, and duck feet can step on the soil to make the duck feet stir the surface soil, increase oxygen, promote root growth and deepen the roots. , to achieve deep rooted leaves, to prevent lodging and stable production and efficient results. It is generally not until the rice is caught in the head to catch ducks. Throughout the rice breeding process, pesticides that do not use chemical fertilizers, spray herbicides, and treat diseased pests are fed back to farms by using the dung of the ducks and the rot of the green rot to solve the fertilizer required by rice to form pollution-free rice and duck meat. product.
During the growth of ducks, the weeds and pests in the field cannot fully meet the needs of the ducks, so it is necessary to stock some of the albus in Dabai, which can be used as auxiliary feed for ducks and organic fertilizer for the plots. In the later stages of raising ducks, some feed or agricultural by-products should be properly added to meet the nutritional needs of the ducks to ensure their growth. At the same time, a space of 5×6m is set aside in the corner of the stocking area, and a simple shelter for the sun is set up. Several containers for shallow water are placed. Reduce the harm of bad environment to ducks. When Putianzhong 60% of the white pupa and white worms are removed, and when rice enters the full-grain filling stage, ducks must be promptly rushed to other fields or sheds.
Datian duck can significantly reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, save the cost of planting and breeding, protect the environment, promote the pollution-free production of planted products, and has good economic and ecological benefits.
Mode 4: Chicken-rice rotation In recent years, the environmental pollution of poultry production has always restricted the development of suburban poultry industry, in order to achieve a win-win result in animal husbandry production and ecological environment, help farmers become rich, and carry out research on the rotation technology of chicken breeding and rice planting. Can effectively solve this problem. The chicken-rice rotation is in the same farmland and it is planted for rotation within one year. As soon as it can promote "double increase": the relatively low investment in housing, especially for economically difficult farmers to develop chicken industry to become rich, while reducing the cost of raising, increase economic efficiency, crop weeds, insects and abandoned crop seeds are reasonable Use; 2 can effectively solve the chicken industry pollution of the living environment of the residents, the chicken house built in the field crop area, chicken manure and excrement are effectively disposed; 3 promote the production of high-quality green poultry products to meet the consumer demand. The use of low density stocking increased chicken activity and improved chicken meat quality. The fourth is to facilitate the production of rice. Chicken manure supplements rice fertilizer and improves soil structure.
1. Farmland selection and construction of chicken houses are convenient for water supply and drainage, easy access to lighting power, and fertile land without pollution from soil sources. Generally, 3 mus of farmland is placed in the middle of a farmhouse, and a simple removable steel shed is used in the house. During the period of rice removal, the shelter is removed or the cover of the shed is removed, and the steel frame of the shed is retained. Similar to a greenhouse for growing vegetables, the shed is 20 meters long, 8 meters wide, and 2.5 meters high. The arch is arched, and the roof and arc cover are covered. A layer of polyethylene film and straw curtain, the outer and inner layers of the shed are covered with polyethylene film and shading net film in turn, and devices on both sides of the shed can be rolled to cover the layer. The shed is ground to a certain slope, and the bamboo is laid inside. Net beds or chaff, wood shavings, etc., open drainage ditch around, so that the henhouse dry, while preparing a fixed chicken house, brooding shed.
2. Arrangement and method of rotation time
The first batch of high-quality yellow chickens were kept from mid-October to late January. The method was to purchase seedlings from mid-October to mid-November and brood in a fixed chicken house. After the harvest of farmland rice, from mid-November to the end of January, the chicks were moved to farm greenhouses. The rearing method was based on the combination of rearing and extra-shelf farmland rearing. The chickens were slaughtered around 110 days old, and the supply market was arranged. The second group of chickens were reared and kept in the same way as above. After the second batch of chickens were sold, the excrement and debris in the shelters were removed. The mobile shelters or the coverings of the shelters were removed, and the steel framework of the shelters was preserved. The plots were plowed along with farmland outside the shed to grow single-season late rice. Single-season rice can be planted live or hand-planted in the same manner.
3. Selection of Chicken Breeds and Feeding Management Points The chicken breeds are selected for quality three yellow chickens.
3. Feed some feed outside the shed. During the chick brooding period, chickens are raised according to the conventional brooding methods of chickens. After moving to the greenhouses, the barrels are gradually placed in the fields from the sheds to the distant areas to guide the birds to feed the weeds, insects and waste seeds of the farmland. Sufficient supply.
3. 2 do a good job of prevention. The general chicks were prevented from developing Newcastle disease at 10 days and 30 days of age. Newcastle disease L strain vaccine was used. The first bird flu epidemic prevention was carried out on the 15th day of chicks. The chicks were prevented from getting chicken pox and bursal disease around the age of 20 days. The chicks were 45 days old. In the second bird flu immunization, the chicks were prevented for the second Newcastle disease at the age of 60 days and immunized with Newcastle disease I strains.
3. 3 timely cutting. In order to improve the quality of the three yellow chickens, young chicks should be copped. Chicklings should be cut at about the age of 46 days. The weather should be clear and the chicks should be castrated when they are healthy.
3. 4 Early winter cold regulates the temperature and humidity in a good shed. In different seasons, according to different temperatures, the temperature, humidity and air in the shed can be adjusted by opening the cover around the height and duration of the shed. For example, in early winter, the outside temperature is low, and the covering around the shed is less open. During the day, the chicken can freely enter and leave the chicken house. At night, the cover layer is not open or can be less open, mainly based on insulation.
3. 5 set up a fence. Around the fields where the three yellow chickens are stocked, plastic or wire mesh fences are provided to provide barriers to prevent animals such as dogs from entering the chicken farm.
Mode 6: With the advancement of urbanization, improvement of people’s living standards and improvement of the living environment, the space for the development of animal husbandry has become less and less. Sheds, greenhouses and vegetables are the suburbs of the suburbs where my street has developed rapidly in recent years. The use of crop sheds for idle periods can provide good economic and ecological benefits. Especially for watermelon sheds, watermelons are generally well-watered. , high dry, ventilated plots, and a year shift, more suitable for chickens, watermelon sheds from October to January the following year is a free time, use this period of time in the greenhouse to breed a group of New Year's chicken, can save the house Construction costs increase overall economic efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. In recent years, many species of farmers have tried and obtained good results. Now introduced as follows;
I. Selection of farmland and construction of greenhouses The land of high dryness, good irrigation and drainage, and soil-free water sources should be selected. Greenhouses can be generally constructed using bamboo or steel as the main frame material. The top and radian is a layer of agricultural film (polyethylene film), 6 meters wide, 2.5 meters high, long depending on the field block, arched, east-west Well, before the breeding of chickens, drainage ditches are dug around the sheds. The land in the sheds is basically level and filled. When the temperature in winter is low, the roof is best covered with straw to keep warm.
Second, the rotation schedule Arrange to plant 2 batches of watermelon and raise a batch of chickens. Summer Watermelon: Watermelon Seedlings before and after New Year's Day, transplanted to the greenhouse in early February, harvested in late June; Autumn Watermelon: nursery in early June, transplanted to the greenhouse in early July, harvest before and after mid-October; watermelon after harvest Some sheds were left, some were used as playgrounds, some sheds were kept as fences, and chicken sheds were properly trimmed and changed. In mid-September, young chickens were placed in the brooding room (fixed house) and brooded in mid-October. And combined with stocking.
Third, feeding and management points
1. Feeding breeder chickens are best served with three yellow chickens and the rearing period is about 120 days.
2. Feeding and management bred in accordance with conventional brooding methods, feeding compound feeds during brooding, moving to a large shed, combining stocking, and planting vegetables or pastures such as radish as supplementary feed for chickens in some empty greenhouses and using miscellaneous items. Grass and insects were fed with compound feed in the early stage and some grain and grain by-products were supplied late. At the same time, sufficient drinking water was provided. The stocking density is 5-8 per square.
3. Immunization against Newcastle disease L strain vaccine at 10 days and 30 days of age, 20 days of age to prevent chickenpox and bursal disease, 60 days of age for Newcastle disease I, and prevention of Q disease at the same time About 10 days old is free, and 40 days old is free.
4. Do a good job of preventing coccidiosis in other work, timely cutting (about 45 days old), pay attention to the temperature and humidity in the shed, pay attention to insulation and proper ventilation.
Benefit Estimation and Evaluation With a farmer contracting 10 mu of land last year for example, planting 10 mu of watermelon and raising 2000 chickens. A total of 32,000 yuan can be earned.
1. Watermelon planting efficiency: 300 watermelons per acre, 2 watermelons per plant, 1 per plant of autumn watermelons, 3500-4000 kg of crops, 2.6 yuan per kg of summer watermelon prices, and 1.6 yuan per kg of autumn watermelons Calculate that the income per mu is more than 8,000 yuan.
2. The cost of chickens for raising chickens costs 3 yuan each, raising the cost of 20 yuan and selling 35 yuan. Each can make a profit of 12 yuan and a total profit of 24,000 yuan.
Using watermelon greenhouses to raise chickens, on the one hand, the use of greenhouses for free periods to raise chickens reduces the construction costs of the chicken house and saves the chicken's feed costs, and the chicken is in a relatively new breeding environment (watermelon changes place one year). With fewer epidemics, the survival rate, growth rate, drug input, and consumption of consumables are all significantly better than those of the flat-keep methods. At the same time, it can migrate without affecting land occupation. Chicken manure can be directly used as organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility. Furthermore, broilers produced have good quality meat and meet the needs of green, safe and high quality livestock products. Therefore, this mode of planting is worth promoting.