In the high temperature, drought, and rainy periods in summer, various crops, especially vegetables, are more likely to be endangered by various types of natural weather, and even cause serious losses. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in summer management.
First, summer defense vegetables "three harms"
1, the high temperature hazards Most thermophilic vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplant, pepper, cucumber and other optimum growth temperature of 25 ~ 30 °C; and cool vegetables such as celery, cabbage, green beans and other optimum growth temperature of 20 ~ At 25°C, the high summer temperatures (temperatures above 30°C) are most detrimental to the growth and yield of vegetables. This is also the root cause of the fall in vegetable supply on the market. For example, when Solanum vegetables meet temperatures above 30°C during flowering, not only do they cause falls, but the longer the duration, the lower the fruit set rate; when the beans are above 25°C, The pollination rate will be greatly reduced; when the cucumber is at temperatures above 32°C, its net assimilation rate will be significantly reduced, resulting in reduced yields or even total production. When there is a long period of high temperature, even the heat-tolerant vegetables such as melon and cowpea will sometimes have poor growth. Only the absolutely heat-tolerant species such as water spinach and pumpkin can grow normally. And long-term high temperature and drought will also cause sunburn, virus disease,
Wilt disease and other diseases.
2. Drought prevention Drought refers to the fact that precipitation is abnormally low, resulting in excessive drying of air, serious soil moisture deficiency, and a significant reduction in surface runoff and groundwater volume. Drought is often a severe natural disaster because of its long duration and wide spread. Drought deprives the water supply of water, and in addition to endangering the growth of crops and reducing crop production, it also endangers the lives of residents and affects industrial production and other social and economic activities.
Drought can be divided into two aspects: interconnected soil drought and atmospheric drought. The main cause of soil drought is insufficiency of precipitation; the main cause of climate drought is insufficient precipitation. Therefore, the lack of precipitation is the root cause of the drought problem. The climatic causes of insufficiency of precipitation include: continuous subsidence, underground subsidence, lack of pressure disturbance, and lack of moist air flow.
The most direct threat of drought is the obstruction of the growth and development of vegetables, and the reduction of quality and production in large areas. In addition, the high temperature and drought weather conditions are conducive to the proliferation and harm of red spiders and locust disasters.
Summer and autumn are the most seasons for growing autumn vegetables. At this time, high temperature and drought will affect the germination of seeds. After sowing, they will be hit by heavy rain. The seeds will be scattered to the bottom of the trench or exposed to the surface of the soil, causing seedlings to fall.
3, anti-rainstorm damage summer is not only prone to high temperature and drought, but also prone to storms. When sudden storms blow directly onto the scaffolds of melon beans, they will smash the vegetables and leaves, and destroy the seedlings, causing the melon and bean crops to fall seriously and drop fruits, causing damage to the vegetable production. When typhoon storms accompany the river bed and the groundwater level rises, the low-yielding vegetable fields will drown the seedlings and cause soil moisture and compaction, reduce soil permeability, and affect root growth. After the storm, the weather is often stormy. As various vegetables have just been devastated, water and fertilizers have been lost, plant resistance is weak, and diseases such as epidemics and wilt diseases are easily induced. At the same time, the rainstorm after rain will also lead to pests such as Noctuidae. , and it is difficult to control, and ultimately led to a decline in output.
After the emergence of vegetable seedlings in summer and autumn, the topsoil was washed by heavy rain, and the roots were exposed in space. After clearing and drying, the vegetables sprouted and wilted; various types of vegetables and vegetable seedlings were damaged by rainstorms, the growth potential was reduced, and the yield was reduced. Low price is high.
Second, the "three harms" defense measures for summer vegetables In view of the above-mentioned situations in which vegetables are prone to occur in summer, appropriate measures must be taken in accordance with different circumstances in production.
1. For fruits and vegetables (such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers), care should be taken to strengthen management of water and fertilizer in the middle and later stages, promote lush foliage, reduce sunburn on the fruit, and improve the plant's resistance to high temperature and drought.
2, shade cover cultivation. In the summer, shade nets and insect nets can be used for cover cultivation. This can prevent direct solar radiation from burning the vegetables. Generally, the temperature can be reduced by 3 to 10° C. compared with open-air cultivation, making it possible for the cool and shade-tolerant vegetables to pass through the summer and improve seedling emergence. Rate, the survival rate of transplanting seedlings, but also reduce the damage of pests and diseases. It can also cover rice straw or straw on the soil surface to reduce the distribution of soil moisture. While applying shade covering, reasonable application of plant growth regulators can effectively prevent fruit and vegetable crops such as tomatoes and eggplant from falling.
3, high temperature and dry season, should try to choose heat-resistant, disease-resistant vegetable varieties for cultivation, such as melon, loofah, cowpea, spinach, white and so on.
4, water management should be balanced. At high temperatures, it is important to keep the soil moist, timely watering, and cooling through evaporation. Conditional plots use drip irrigation for better irrigation, but care should be taken to avoid watering at high temperatures around noon to prevent the occurrence of cracks and other physiological diseases.
5, the implementation of deep ditch, sorghum farming. In the whole process of vegetable growth, the trenches in the field must be connected at all times and freely. When rainy weather is encountered, drainage or mechanical drainage should be conducted in time. Flooded and blown down plants should promptly wash away the silt on the stems and leaves, remove yellow rotten leaves, and straighten the plants. After the soil was slightly dry, the cultivator loose soil was topdressed in time. In addition, deep ploughing and soil improvement and application of organic fertilizers can improve the physical properties of soil and increase the water seepage capacity, which has certain effects on reducing rain, moisture and drought.
6, in the rain after sunny days with carbendazim, chlorothalonil, mancozeb and other low-toxic pesticides to prevent and treat diseases. Medication should pay attention to the pot life and safety period.
7, high temperature and dry weather conditions are conducive to the proliferation and harm of red spider, red spider damage vegetables are beans, cucumber, eggplant and so on. Although individuals are tiny, red spiders are very harmful. Therefore, it requires timely observation, timely detection, and early prevention and treatment.
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