The hydraulic components are suitable for applications with large structural and variable working conditions due to their high power, simple installation, easy control, convenient and comfortable operation, low failure rate and easy maintenance. For decades, hydraulic technology has not only been used more and more in agricultural machinery, machine tools, aerospace equipment, etc., but also formed a huge market. The sales of hydraulic components in the world has exceeded 20 billion US dollars, and the output value of China's hydraulic industry has reached nearly 8 billion yuan. According to its importance, in the developed countries, the market share of hydraulic components for agricultural machinery has always belonged to the top five. The demand for hydraulic components for agricultural machinery in China is more than 4 million, which is the largest among domestic industries. Entering the 21st century, the application of hydraulic technology on agricultural machinery has shown a rapid development momentum. Foreign developed countries have widely applied high-tech technologies such as electronics, hydraulics and new materials in agricultural modernization equipment, which has further improved the maneuverability, comfort, convenience and intelligence of agricultural machinery, protected the agricultural ecological environment, and provided new equipment for precision agriculture. .
During the 10th Five-Year Plan period, China will focus on the development of rice, corn production, mechanized field operations machinery, water-saving equipment, agricultural supporting power and key components and agricultural transportation. Research, including tractors, combine harvester power shifting and hydrostatic drive technology, combined harvesting electro-hydraulic automation operation monitoring technology and control technology.
In 2005, more than 60% of the important agricultural machinery products in China reached the international level in the late 1980s. More than 70% of the newly developed varieties reached the international 90s level. The average time between failures of important products such as tractors and combine harvesters was close to that of the late 1980s. And in the early 1990s, by 2015, the comprehensive technical level of agricultural machinery was basically close to the international level at that time. In this way, the application of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery got an opportunity.
In summary, in the new century, China's agricultural machinery industry will have significant progress, the application of hydraulic technology on agricultural machinery will show strong vitality, and make important contributions to improving the technical content of agricultural machinery products and narrowing the gap with foreign countries.
China uses hydraulic components, the largest number, the smallest variety, and the lowest price, so it is the most promising industry sector. The so-called maximum number is the annual demand for hydraulic components for agricultural machinery of more than 4 million, and has always been the first in various industries in China. The so-called variety is the least, is the agricultural machinery hydraulic components accounted for less than one-tenth of the domestic hydraulic components, the so-called lowest price, refers to the agricultural machinery hydraulic components price is much lower than the industrial hydraulic components, or even several times lower, taking the pump as an example The price of agricultural gear pumps is tens of yuan to more than one hundred yuan, while the industrial gear pumps are four or five hundred yuan, and the price difference is four or five times. The so-called most development potential means that China's agricultural machinery is the industry that uses the least hydraulic technology. The output value of hydraulic components in advanced countries accounts for 3-4% of the output value of the machinery industry, while in China it is only 0.8-1%. One of the important factors is that hydraulic technology is not enough for agricultural machinery. This is due to the low purchasing power of Chinese farmers, which limits the application of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery. The quality of agricultural machinery using hydraulic technology has been improved, and the price has also gone up. It is difficult for farmers to accept, so that the quality and technical content of the host products are difficult to be greatly improved. Therefore, the OEM has to reduce the configuration and change the configuration in exchange for the market to reduce the quality and technical content of the host product.
With the reform and development, the purchasing power of farmers has increased, especially the combine harvesters pioneered by farmers in China have facilitated the operation of agricultural machinery in China, speeding up the adoption of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery, and opening up hydraulic technology for more agricultural machinery products. The door. Therefore, in China, agricultural machinery has become the most active and most promising field using hydraulic technology.
1. Overview of the agricultural machinery market
China's agricultural machinery market is facing enormous opportunities and challenges. The degree of agricultural mechanization in China is several decades behind that of developed countries. Advanced foreign countries such as the United States in 1940, the United Kingdom in 1950, Japan in 1967 achieved agricultural mechanization. At the end of the 20th century, China's agricultural mechanization level is about 50%. China's agriculture needs all kinds of agricultural machinery, especially the equipment needed for the development of facility agriculture and precision agriculture, and it can not meet the needs far away. Because of this, there is a huge market for agricultural machinery in China. At present, China's machine-farming area is 58%, the machine-receiving area is about 30% for wheat, 4% for rice, and 1.7% for corn. In 2005, the annual demand for combine harvesters was 40,000 wheat combine harvesters. There are 25,000 corn combine harvesters, 25,000 rice combine harvesters, and about 10,000 other cash crop harvesters. The combined harvester market totals more than 10 billion yuan, and the large and medium-sized horsepower tractors are about 80,000. The market has already made foreign businessmen linger. Beginning in the late 1990s, Japanese rice combine harvesters entered the Chinese market in a big way. The current price is 200,000-240,000 yuan, and the annual sales are more than 1,200 units. The demand is in short supply, and farmers even hold the currency for purchase. It is not difficult to see that with China's accession to the WTO, foreign agricultural machinery and agricultural products will accelerate into the Chinese market. China's agricultural machinery faces unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Only by accelerating the level of agricultural mechanization and improving the quality of agricultural machinery can we consolidate the occupation of the Chinese market. Although the purchasing power of Chinese farmers is relatively low, farmers have realized that buying agricultural machinery is not only a production tool to solve the problem of food and clothing, but an investment behavior that creates more wealth. Moreover, due to the government's high attention to agriculture, it has created very favorable conditions for the development of agricultural machinery, and also promoted the application of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery.
2. Agricultural machinery needs for hydraulic technology
Agricultural machinery itself has various forms, complex structures and poor working conditions. Agricultural machinery has many special requirements for hydraulic components, such as price and reliability. The demand for hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery mainly includes:
1) Energy-saving technology
China's agricultural machinery power has reached 450 million kilowatts. The application of energy-saving technology not only optimizes the performance of the host, but also reduces the pollution to the environment. The reduction of energy consumption by one percentage point means that the power of 4.5 million kilowatts is saved. The huge social and economic benefits attract many scientific and technical personnel to invest hugely. Energy and intelligence, and many achievements and progress.
2) Demand for hydrostatic drive technology
The hydrostatic drive unit can be steplessly changed, easy to lay out, has a large specific power, a wide speed range, and good low speed stability. It is especially suitable for agricultural machinery and road machinery with diverse structural forms and low driving speed. The combination of hydrostatically driven combine harvester and mechanical transmission combines high efficiency and less auxiliary working time, and the working efficiency is increased by 10-30%, which is 1-2% higher than the mechanical harvesting combine harvester. It is comfortable, reduces labor intensity, is easy to maintain and maintain, and has a low failure rate. At present, 30% of the failure of the domestic mechanical transmission combine harvester is caused by the gearbox, and the gearbox vibration is large, which affects the service life of other working parts. The hydrostatically driven combine harvester allows the engine to operate under objective conditions, ensuring constant speed operation of other components, and an excellent minimum stable travel speed for harvesting high yield crops and lodging crops. The more the mechanical transmission combine harvester is more prone to clogging, the peasant brings not the joy of harvest, but unnecessary mental damage.
3) No leakage technology
Leakage, noise, these early failures are a chronic problem in the hydraulic industry and an important factor limiting the application of hydraulic technology. At present, the leak-free technology in hydraulic technology will be widely used, including: the development of new pipe joint components, threaded cartridge valves. Combined sealing, hydraulic system pollution control technology, etc., the gradual popularization of these common technologies plays an important role in improving the performance of agricultural machinery in China.
3. The application prospect of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery
The application prospect of hydraulic technology on agricultural machinery is very broad. The application of agricultural machinery hydraulic parts in China should be said to be in the ascendant. With the improvement of the purchasing power of farmers in China, farmers are pursuing the trend from low price to good performance and comfortable operation. This has created favorable conditions for the application of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery. Because the application of hydraulic technology will significantly improve the quality and technical content of China's agricultural machinery, it will play a fundamental role in narrowing the technological gap with advanced countries and consolidating the occupation of the domestic market, reducing labor intensity, improving the quality of life and increasing investment. The income has a very significant impact.
Hydraulic technology will be used in the following agricultural machines:
1) New high-powered tractors and their working tools, such as tillage machines, precision machines, high-gap tractors and supporting equipment.
2) Agricultural basic construction machinery--water gate door building machinery, gate hoist, trencher, dredger, loader, tractor, grader.
3) Large-scale plant protection machinery--high-gap wide-pole sprayer, translational sprinkler, etc.
4) High-yield crop cultivation and harvesting machinery - wheat, corn, cotton intercropping machinery, rice harvesting machinery, high-speed plug-in machine.
5) Agricultural machinery, facilities, agricultural machinery, robots and automated complete sets of equipment: precision agricultural work tools, intelligent planters, fertilizer spreaders and plant protection machinery.
6) Agricultural and forestry work tools - drilling machines, forestry tractors, wood handlers.
7) Fishery machinery--opening machine, dry ice manufacturing machine.
8) Agricultural transportation machinery - agricultural vehicles with multi-functional operation.
9) Animal husbandry machinery - forage harvester, feed granulator, high density baler.
10) Cash crop machinery - cotton picker, fruit harvester, potato, sweet potato, sugar beet, sugar cane harvester, high ground reed harvester, peanut, vegetable oil harvester
With the development of science and technology, agricultural machinery that conforms to China's national conditions will continue to develop, new products will continue to emerge, and the application of hydraulic technology will continue to expand. It can be predicted that the 21st century is an era in which hydraulic technology shines in agriculture. Every hydraulic technician should strive to add brilliance to this era with his own wisdom and sweat, and make his own contribution to the development of China's agricultural machinery industry.
Tags: Agricultural Hydraulics