The large area planted with potatoes has created difficulties for planting and harvesting. Farmers are eager to use machinery to replace the heavy-duty ploughing or small-scale agricultural machinery, the traditional seeding methods of artificial seeding, and the traditional harvesting method of artificial excavation or using the animal power plow and mini-machine ploughing. Potato mechanized planting and harvesting techniques are important.
First, choose the land to sow. The mechanized sowing of potatoes is to use agricultural machinery to complete the double operations of soil tillage, fertilization and sowing. The suitable machine is mainly a plowing and fertilizing combined working machine matched with a small four-wheel tractor, and the deep-applying fertilizer is granular, and farmers are not accustomed to applying powdered fertilizer. Choose a plot that is easy to mechanize.
Cutting potato chips can save seed potatoes, and the cost is small, but it is easy to infect diseases, so the knife should be disinfected with lime water, salt water or potassium permanganate solution. Seed potatoes should be germinated. When 80% buds sprout, start cutting potatoes. Rationally use each bud on the tuber to cut into triangles. The size is about 40 grams. The dicing should not be too thin or too small. Otherwise, it will affect the emergence of seedlings, which is not conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. .
Before planting, it is necessary to carry out mechanical equipment debugging and a certain distance test broadcast. First adjust the machine to the horizontal state, add the seed potato block in the seed box, and add the fertilizer into the fertilizer box. The depth of the fertilizer is adjusted by the height limit of the depth limit wheel, and can also be adjusted by the length of the hydraulic suspension lift arm on the main machine. The amount of seeding is adjusted by changing the sprocket that drives the elevator chain. The smaller the sprocket, the larger the seeding amount, and the smaller the seeding amount. The amount of fertilizer applied is adjusted by changing the effective working length of the outer sheave. Only after all the debugging is completed can you sow.
The density of mechanical sowing operations should be adjusted according to different varieties. Apply the mature farmyard manure as the base fertilizer, apply urea, superphosphate or diammonium phosphate or potassium chloride as required. The operation requires that when the small four-wheel tractor is moving at a constant speed, the broadcast is required to be straight, the next kind is uniform, the depth is uniform, the machine is well ridged, the ground surface is flat after ploughing, the ground is neat, the parking or retreat phenomenon is not allowed in the middle, and replay is also avoided. The occurrence of missed broadcasts.
Second, field management. Weeding and loosening in time to promote root development after Miaoqi. When the plant grows to 20 cm, the first cultivating soil is used to remove the weeds in the field. Looking at the growth situation during the seedling period, urea can be applied. Depending on the situation, it is necessary to carry out the second cultivating and cultivating soil. The land with long potential difference can be sprayed with water potassium leaf with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a small amount of urea. Potato late blight is a common disease, and it is controlled by water spray at 25% metalaxyl WP during flowering.
Third, mechanical harvest. Mechanized harvesting of potatoes, when most of the stems and leaves of the potato plants in the field are dry and the tubers stop expanding and are easy to fall off with the plants, the excavation harvester can be used for field operations, and the three processes of excavation, separation of potato and potato chips can be completed in one time. Save labor and time. There are two types of models, such as small four-wheel tractors and walking tractors, which can be used according to your needs.
The operation requires that the dried stems and leaves of the field must be removed and the plots cleared out before harvesting. When the machine is excavating, it can move forward at a constant speed. It cannot be re-excavated or leaked. It cannot be reversed during the operation. It requires a high rate of sweet potato, a small rate of potato damage, a high rate of excavation, and high efficiency of machine tools. In order to speed up the harvesting process, it is required to concentrate on several farmer households, to unify the excavation work, and to dig 1 line and pick up 1 line. The 4UM-40 potato digging and harvesting machine developed and produced by Huzhu County Agricultural Machinery Extension Station has a sweet potato rate of more than 96%, a rate of less than 3-4%, and a demolition rate of over 97%. The performance indicators basically meet the requirements. The current shortcoming of the aircraft is that if the weather is met during the harvest season, the humidity in the field is large, and the residual stems and weeds left in the soil will make it difficult to excavate and harvest, and it needs to be improved.
Tag: Potato Machinery