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Spinach is a cold-resistant crop, likes cool, can withstand -6 °C or lower temperature, but avoid high temperatures. Growth temperature 15-20 °C. The seeds started to germinate at 4°C and the germination potential decreased at more than 20°C. Poor growth above 25°C. Spinach is a long-day plant, with the extension of sunshine and shorten the growth period, soil drought will inhibit its vegetative growth. More acid-resistant soils, PH to 6-7 is appropriate. Spinach needs more nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. When nitrogen fertilizer is sufficient, the leaves are hypertrophic and the yield is high.
(1) Seeding: Spinach cultivation generally uses live broadcasting, mainly for sowing, drilling and on demand. The varieties are mainly based on the type of round leaf with good quality.
Spinach cultivation mainly in autumn, generally in late July to early September sowing, 30-40 days after sowing can be harvested in batches. Autumn sowing uses heat-resistant, early-maturing varieties such as Union No. 1. Autumn and winter cultivation in October-November sowing. The spring planting is usually planted from late February to late March. The variety is selected to be suitable for bolting without spiny, and the spring planting should not be too early to avoid bolting in advance.
Spinach cultivation in the early autumn is a time when the summer and autumn high temperatures occur at the time of sowing. It is more difficult to emerge. It is necessary to use short-dormancy varieties or Chen seeds every other year. If new seeds are used in the current year, they must be treated first. For seed treatment, the seeds were soaked with fresh water for 12 hours, then treated at a low temperature of 4°C for 24 hours, and then germinated at 15 to 20°C. Or soaking the sown seeds on the surface of the well to germinate. Seed after budding 3-5 days. Early autumn sowing spinach, due to hot climate, drought, poor growth, easy to die, sowing amount should be more, generally every 666.7 meters 2 (mu) 10-15 kg, sowing after September, the temperature gradually reduced, without soaking germination, For every 666.7 m2 (mu), the seeding rate is 4-5 kg.
(2) Site preparation: Choose fertile, water-retaining, fertility-preserving slightly acidic soil, apply base fertilizer before sowing, deep-turning, make 1.5-2 meters flat rake, sow foot-water before sowing, and cover the soil with moisture after broadcast.
(3) Field management: The temperature of early autumn spinach is high, and topdressing combined with irrigation, can use 20% or so of manure and urine by fermentative fermentation, and the temperature in the later period can be reduced, 50% concentration of human urine can be used for top dressing, wintering spinach should be applied before spring. Foot fertilizer to avoid early bolting. Each time the harvest is harvested, nitrogen fertilizer is applied one after the other.
Spinach sprouting and seedling growth is slow and weeds should be removed early. About 15 days before harvesting, spraying with 0.0015% concentration of gibberellic acid can achieve early maturation and increase yield. When using gibberellin in combination with topdressing, the yield increase effect is even more pronounced.
(4) Pest control: The diseases mainly include downy mildew and anthracnose, which mainly damage the leaves. Insect pests mainly include leafminers and aphids, which should be treated with drugs in time. Control methods: Agricultural prevention and control is carried out for 2-3 years of rotation, with close planting, scientific irrigation, clean gardens, and timely removal of diseased bodies. Chemical control: Diseases can be sprayed with 64% antiviral 500 times liquid, 52.5% fast-eliminating net 1500 times liquid, 70% thiophanate-methyl 700 times liquid, etc. Pests can be used 75% sneak 3,000-4000 times liquid, 0.5% of Hisun 3, 2500, 15%, 1500-2000, 70%, 7000 times, etc., are sprayed.
(5) Harvesting: Autumn spinach can be harvested 30 days after sowing and harvested once every 20 days or so. Spring sowing often ends with a harvest.
Spinach is a biennial herb that is one of the main green leafy vegetables. The main root of spinach is developed and thick, fleshy, pale red, sweet and edible, lateral roots undeveloped. Leaves with short stems, arrow-shaped or oval eggs, dark green color, soft texture, longer petiole, leaves are the main part of the food.