(1) Separation, formation of cells and organelles, providing a relatively stable internal environment for the life activities of the cells, greatly increasing the area of ​​the membrane, improving the biological function occurring on the membrane; (2) barrier action, water solubility on both sides of the membrane Substance cannot pass freely; (3) transport of selective substances, accompanied by energy transfer; (4) biological functions: hormonal action, enzymatic reaction, cell recognition, electron transfer, etc. (5) Identify and transfer information functions.
Material transport function: The material exchange between cells and the surrounding environment is realized by the brick movement function of the cell membrane document.write('') ​​document.write(''). The main transport methods are as follows. 1) Free diffusion: The diffusion process of the fat-soluble substance from the high concentration side to the low concentration side of the film is called free diffusion. No energy, no carrier. Such as: water, urea, carbon dioxide, etc. 2) Assisted diffusion: non-fat soluble substances with the help of membrane proteins, the process of diffusion across the membrane by the difference in concentration or potential difference, called assisted diffusion. Not energy intensive, but requires a carrier. Three features that assist in diffusion: 1. Specificity: Ion channels or carriers in memory generally refer to the transport of a substance. 2. Saturation: When the transported substance is increased to a certain limit, the transport rate no longer increases, which is due to the limited number of ion channels or carriers. 3. Competitive inhibition: When two or more substances are transported simultaneously by ion channels or carriers in memory, an increase in the concentration of one substance will impair the transport of another substance. 4. Classification of membrane proteins: 1 channel protein 2 portal channel protein 3 specialized protein (transported by contact to change its conformation) such as glucose into red blood cells. Both free diffusion and assisted diffusion are carried out by the difference in concentration. The cells themselves do not consume energy and are passively transported (passive transport). 3) Active transport: The transmembrane transport process of the reverse concentration difference or reverse potential difference under the action of the “pump†of ions or small molecular substances is called active transport (active transport). Active transportation requires a lot of heat and requires a carrier. There is a choice of transparency. For example, iodine enters kelp and glucose enters cells other than red blood cells. 4) Inoculation and exocytosis: It is an effective way to transport macromolecules or clumps. The process by which a substance moves into the cell from outside the cell through the movement of the cell membrane, called the cell. Includes swallowing and swallowing. Liquid substances enter the cells for swallowing, such as the absorption of nutrients by the small intestine epithelium; the entry of solid substances into the cells is phagocytosis, such as the process by which granulocytes phagocytose bacteria. Outocytosis is the process of sending out of cells to the outside of the cell through the movement of cell membranes. The metabolites of the cells and the secretions of the gland cells are all done by exocytosis. Also known as endocytosis and efflux. Energy is also needed.
Receptor function of cell membrane: Receptor is a special structure of cell recognition and tuberculosis chemical information, and its essence is protein (glycoprotein). 1) Cells are the smallest unit of matter from inanimate to animate (and regardless of the virus). Deep analysis of the energy flow of cells helps to understand the fundamental difference between living and non-living substances. 2) Active transport and passive transport are transported through the membrane, directly through the membrane, limited to small molecules and ions. The function of inoculation and exocytosis (endocytosis and efflux) belongs to membrane transport, without membrane, and is limited to macromolecules.
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