Betel nut pollution-free cultivation techniques

The betel nut belongs to the genus Araceae. The plant height 180-200?, degree of development 180, petiole length of about 160?, leaves nearly round, petiole leaves green, female quail (taro) oval tube, length 20-32?, circumference 40-55 , thin brown skin, thin brown skin, a single female gong weighs 1.4-5.6?, each female quail base can produce 4-6 small dumplings weighing 25-125g, the mother 芋 body large-shaped beauty, 芋 meat with purple Red betel nut pattern, taste delicious crisp pink powder mellow. Nanyang Town of Shanghang County introduced betel nut in 2008 and implemented the cultivation of pollution-free cultivation scale. The per mu output reached 1600-2000?. With wide performance, high production, stable production, and excellent quality, all of them are popular in Guangzhou, Xiamen, and other places, with an average price of 3.24 yuan/?. Achieve sales revenue of 267.5016 million yuan, the average net profit of 2524.20 yuan / mu, considerable economic benefits. The pollution-free cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:

First, choose to open hole

Betel nut bogey continuum, with water and dry wheels as a good. Adequate water sources, convenient drainage and irrigation, irrigation water in line with national requirements, deep soil, fertile soil, low and flat terrain, convenient transportation, no industrial, mining, and farm “three wastes” pollution away from the hospital, and A certain scale area, the rice paddy field was not planted in the first 3-5 years. Before and after the “winter solstice”, the ploughs were sun-dried, and the “pesticide degrading agent” was sprayed at a rate of 0.5 //acre and 200 ?water was sprayed all over the field, and 75-100 //a quicklime was applied before regrowth. The residual pesticides in the soil were used. Degradation and disinfection. The width is 75 inches, the height is 40 inches, the width is 35 inches, and the whole height is narrow. According to the planting distance of 50-55?, dig length, width, depth = 25? 25? 25? hole, the hole in the soil after the whole fine crushed to 2/3 hole full.

Second, the selection of planting

Generally under the "convulsions" before and after the planting, planting about 1200 acres, the selection of a single plant weight of about 50g, spherical, full and uniform, short handle, the top buds full of ruddy, robust pest-free spot and no mechanical damage to the child For a kind. Generally, the amount of mu should be 60-70?, and 50% of thiophanate-methyl WP can be used to disinfect the seed quail. Add 40.7% of chlorpyrifos EC 1000-fold to soak the seed for 5-10 minutes and then drain and drain. A hole is planted in each hole, and the cover is covered with 2 thick fire or fine soil. The use of plastic film can be planted in advance to "rainwater" after planting. After emergence, 2-3 true leaves are planted, and membranes can be broken and displayed in time.

Third, rational fertilization

The quality and high yield of betel nut cultivation is generally based on pure nitrogen 22-23 ?/mu, N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.55:0.9, and organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are used in combination to reapply base fertilizer with trace elements.

1. Reapply basal fertilizer: Before turning ploughs in the sun, after stalking and drying, Mushi decomposed organic fertilizer 1000-2000? or biogas slag fertilizer 1000? (or commercial organic fertilizer 100-200?), plus 16-16-16 nitrogen Phosphorus and potassium trisulfite (sodium nitrate) compound fertilizer (the same below) 80?

2. Topdressing Topdressing: According to the principles of thin-fertilizer, first light and thick, and N, P, K, with the principle of 7-10 days after planting, the urine is mainly decomposed with 5% concentration after emergence, with 1% concentration of 16-16. -16 three-element sulfur (potassium) potassium compound fertilizer diluted fertilizer, pouring 200-250ml per hole. Afterwards, the liquid fertilizer was applied once every 7 days.

3, skillfully applied fertilizer, when the seedlings grow 4-5 leaf stage, when the seedling height is about 60?, the mu with decomposed organic fertilizer (the fermented soybean meal, etc.) 100-200?, with sulfur (nitrogen) Potassium acid compound fertilizer is applied to the weed wall and combined with herbicide to open the ditch, and potassium, calcium fertilizer and iron, magnesium and zinc are supplemented to increase the yield and quality. Fertilizer soil is fully mixed and covered with earth. The seedlings grow vigorously with the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, while the weaker growth is dominated by nitrogen. In combination with the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, fertilization is no longer applied.

IV. Cultivating Weeding and Earth-cultivation

Seedlings emerged in the first 2-3th leaves of the true leaf stage, combined with weeding to keep the soil loose and shallow, and cultivating once, covering the soil in the sulcus to the surface of the mulberry, with a square surface. Seedlings grow to a seedling height of 50-60. When the 4-5th leaf is fully developed, the shoots grow rapidly in the above-mentioned period, and the breadhead begins to inflate. Combined with weeding and applying tiller, the hoe and the ditch are wetted on both sides. The soil was crushed and finely spread to the base of the plant. The soil was 10-13 inches high.

V. Scientific irrigation

The betel nut has strict water requirements throughout its life, and it is afraid of water during the dry period, and it is filled with water in the middle period. The drainage in the later period keeps the soil moist. Before the hair-fed period (that is, planted to 5-6 leaves, about 1 month after planting), the most water in the caverns should be blocked. The water inlet should be sealed, the water outlet should be opened, the field gutters should be open, and the water should be checked and eliminated immediately after the rain. . Seedlings grow to the 6th to 7th leaf stage, and in the climatic environment where the temperature is getting higher, the sunshine is getting stronger, and the transpiration is increasing, the water demand of the plants is increasing sharply. This period is the peak period of water demand, and the field should be kept in the depth of the ditch. ? About the water layer, continuous water. "Early autumn", the temperature difference between day and night, the accumulation of nutrients transfer stems and leaves, rapid expansion of the mother quail, this time the field should be maintained moist. After the “cold dew”, the water was not visible until the bottom of the trench, and the ramming soil was wet until the harvesting period.

VI. Pest Control

The betel nut has relatively few pests and diseases throughout its lives. The main pests are Spodoptera litura, waxy waxes, cockroaches and aphids. The main diseases are plague disease, soft rot and anthracnose. According to the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control”, the principle of low-damage prevention and control based on agricultural control, physical prevention and control, biological control, and supplemented by chemical control shall be adhered to.

1. Agricultural control: a reasonable layout, rotation (usually only for one year), clean the pastoral, strengthen the cultivator weeding, reduce the number of pests and diseases, in the mother's inflated early combined with earth, mu 10-15? In the stem base of plants to control earthworms and other underground pests. Eradicate the diseased plants, remove the diseased plants, pick them out on sunny days, and bring them out of the field. Burn a small amount of lime in the holes of the diseased plants. Rational fertilization, scientific irrigation.

2. Chemical control: can use 150ml of Qiansheng EC or 50ml of 0.5% avermectin sulfate to water 30? Control Spodoptera litura, use 5% imidacloprid EC 1500 times spray to control locusts; use 58% methine cream in the early stage of growth. The Mn-Zn wettable powder 500-800 times liquid is used to control soft rot, and 50% Chlorobromoisocyanuric Acid Soluble Powder 1000-1500 times liquid is sprayed to prevent plague. Spraying can add silane coupling agent Silicone spreading agent 3000 times liquid to enhance the liquid adhesion.

7. Harvesting

Timely harvesting is of good quality and high yield. When the stems and leaves of all plants become yellow and wither, they can be harvested. Generally use two hands and palms facing each other, ten fingers clasping the steamed buns, and turning the heads repeatedly after 2-3 times.