Grape Y-shaped cultivation techniques

China's traditional viticulture mode is mainly scaffolding and trellis, and natural fan-shaped pruning methods are often used in production to form multi-level structures such as main vines, side vines, mother twigs, and result shoots. The leaves and ears are distributed on the same plane. , resulting in rack disorder, poor ventilation and light transmission, inconvenient operation, labor and so on. The grape Y-frame is an improvement for the traditional cultivation mode. It combines the advantages of the traditional scaffolding and the trellis, and has the characteristics of simple management, labor saving, and easy mechanized management. In recent years, Tianjin Linuo Institute has in-depth and meticulous research to summarize the corresponding supporting cultivation techniques for reference.

First, Y-frame cultivation methods and structures

1. The plant spacing was established in a row-to-space manner with a large row spacing of 2.7 meters, a small row spacing of 0.2 meters and a plant spacing of 1 meter. The seedlings were planted along parallel lines and approximately 500 plants were colonized per 667 square meters.

2. Based on the characteristics of the Y-shaped cultivation model, a new Y-shaped bracket is designed. Along the center line of the grape planting ditch, a 2.4 m cement pillar is erected every 5-6 m, 0.6 m underground, 1.8 m above the ground, and 90 cm, 125 cm and 170 cm away from the ground at the cement pillar. Fixed a beam, the direction and the direction perpendicular to the line, the length of 50 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm.

Second, the establishment of the park and the management of the saplings of the year

1. Preparing for the Construction of the Park Before the construction of the Park, do a good job of leveling the land, drainage and irrigation, and the planning of the road system. Then select the north-south alignment and digging and planting the ditch. The width and depth of the planting will be 60 cm. When the ditch is digging, the surface soil will be used. The subsoil is placed on both sides of the ditch. After the ditch is excavated, it is dried for a period of time. During this period, 4000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per 667 m2. Finally, the backfilling of the planting ditch is carried out 10-15 days before the seedling is planted. When the subsoil is mixed with samba and compacted, it is filled with 15 cm thick surface soil and organic manure. The remaining surface clay is filled in the surface of the planting ditch, and the remaining subsoil is used to make saggers. Hey. Planting the nutrition bag into seedlings needs 5-7 days before planting.

2, the year of colonization led to the management of saplings The management of the year was achieved through water and fertilizer control and summer shear. From the time of planting seedlings until July 20th, sufficient water and fertilizer supply should be ensured. This period of time is mainly based on available nitrogen fertilizers, and the principle of “less applied ground facilities” should be mastered. The amount of fertilizer should be controlled at 4-5 kg/667 square meters per time. Every 10-15 days, at the same time after each fertilization, small water should be flooded. After July 20th, it is necessary to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used, mainly phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and spray 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution sprayed together to ensure that the branches fully mature.

The principle of young trees in summer cuts is to concentrate the nutrition as much as possible on the branches of the leap year. The pruning method mainly includes two parts. The first is to repeatedly pick up the center of the main tip with increasing thick and well-formed result bands; the second is to repeatedly control the tip of the side shoots to promote the development of winter buds and form a multi-leaf age level. Nutrition team. The main topping is different from traditional young grapes in summer. The first picking cuts 1.4 meters when the shoot length reaches 1.5 meters. The second picking cuts 1.6 meters when the plant grows to 1.7 meters, and then grows each time. Two leaves were picked once, and plant cap control was implemented after the beginning of autumn in mid-August. Auxiliary tip pruning leaves 2-3 leaves for the first time. After the second secondary tip, it picks up the heart once every two leaves, until it is capped with the main tip after the beginning of autumn. In the first year of winter, the young tree is cut with single vine pruning, all the auxiliary shoots are cut off, and the branch's cut edge roughness index can't be lower than 0.8 cm, and the plant height can't be higher than 1.6 meters.