Cultivation Techniques of Cut Roses in Sunlight Greenhouse

First, the soil preparation: cut roses, also known as roses, the cultivation cycle is generally 4 to 5 years or even longer. Therefore, we should choose a breathable, well-drained, fertile loose loam soil with agglomerate structure. Before planting, soil disinfection should be carried out. Sterilization can be performed with formalin, dexamethasone, carbofuran and other agents. After the end of disinfection, open the ditch at the location where the ridging is to be prepared. Fill the ditch with 50 cm in depth and fill in a 30 cm deep quality farmyard manure, and then level the ground and prepare for ridging.

Second, species selection

The cultivation cycle of cut roses is relatively long. Generally, the roots are well-developed, and the growth potential, disease resistance, and adaptability to a strong variety are used for cultivation. According to the cultivated varieties in recent years, there are mainly Black Magic and Corolla adapted to the cultivation in our area.

Third, the ridge room planting

Cut roses in greenhouses are cultivated on high ridges. The ridge width is 50 centimeters, the ditch width is 70 centimeters, and the ridge height is 30 centimeters. Two rows are planted on the ridge with a spacing of 30 centimeters and a spacing of 25 centimeters. Immediately after empty planting, the root water is poured, and the definitive root water is accompanied by a certain bactericide. One tree is drenched, shaded timely after planting, and the ventilation openings cover the insect net.

IV. Management after planting

1, temperature, light management: rose like hi warm, suitable for the growth of the temperature of 15 ~ 26 °C during the day, 12 ~ 16 °C at night, the most suitable daylight temperature is 20 ~ 25 °C (sustained seedling period of 18 ~ 22 °C), The nighttime temperature is 14~16°C. Above 30°C, growth and flowering are unfavorable. When the temperature is below 5°C, growth stops. Soil temperature has an effect on the root development of the rose, which is generally kept at about 18°C. Light hours are not less than 6 hours per day. Reflective film should be used for uniform illumination.

2, water management ear: rose hi wet, usually should keep the soil moist (moisture content of about 70%), but avoid soil water. If the humidity is too high, the disease will be caused. When the water is poured, the soil temperature and the water temperature should not be different by 5°C. Otherwise, the root system will be easily damaged. In addition, the water can be used in the summer to reduce the temperature.

3, Fertilization: Rose fertilization should be applied thin fertilizer, in the seedling period, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer more, the flowering period of the demand for more phosphorus fertilizer, the overall fertilization should be in accordance with N: P: K = 1:1:2 or 1:1: Fertilize in 3 proportions.

(1) Seedling period: Seedling period refers to the period of time from the end of easing seedlings to leaving squid cuts, which is about three months or so. This stage of fertilization should be applied in a small amount of fertilization. Fertilizer should be applied once every 20 to 25 days in conjunction with watering. Nitrogen fertilizer should be used, and no more than 15 kg per acre. The foliar fertilizer was applied once every 10 days. A certain amount of P and K fertilizers and trace elements were added with 0.2-0.3% urea solution.

(2) Flowering period: The flowering period should be combined with watering once every 15 to 20 days, no more than 20 kilograms each time, and the fertilizer to be applied is preferably flower special fertilizer or compound fertilizer of N, P, and K, each cut cut flower After a certain amount of organic fertilizer should also be topdressed.

4. Plant management: The new branch grows to about 40 cm. When the bud is exposed, the flower buds should be removed. The branches are pressed under the fixed wire on both sides of the ridge. The resulting shoots are also managed in the same way, about three months or so. After the three shoots have been pressed down as vegetative shoots, when the length of the growing shoot is greater than 0.6 cm, it can be used as a cut flower branch. Immediately afterwards, the new buds and buds on the press branches and the side buds on the cut flowers are knocked out (this work is best done in the morning). Buds growing on cut squid should be bagged in time and the length of flower sleeve is 8~9cm. When the first cut flower is harvested, it should leave about 10 centimeters of branches, while the second and third cut flowers should be left with 3 to 4 centimeters of stems. After several times of scissors, generally 6 branches per plant remain, which guarantees a good yield today.

5. Pest control: Rose common diseases in greenhouses include powdery mildew and downy mildew. Insect pests mainly include spider mites, aphids, and whitefly.

(1) Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew mainly damages the leaves, petioles, and stems. After the occurrence of the powdery mildew, it can be fumigated with the chlorothalonil smoke agent or sprayed with chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl, with 40% carbendazim sulfur suspension agent 500. Double liquid spray effect is also very good.

(2) Downy mildew: It mainly damages the leaves and can also harm stems and pedicels. At the beginning of the disease, chlorothalonil smoke, smoked king, etc. can be fumigated, and can also be treated with DuPont Kelu 500x, Prec 700x, and Ank manganese 700x.

(3) Starscream: The main damage to the leaves can be controlled by spraying with 3000 times insects or spraying with a net 1000 times.

(4) Locust: The locusts in the solar greenhouse are mainly larvae, or pupas, wintering or reproduction. The effect of fumigation with dichlorvos or extermination agents is very good. The control effect is also good with the 1000-fold solution or the 3000-4000 times of the pyrethroid pesticide.

(5) Whitefly: The greenhouse can occur throughout the year, especially in spring and summer. In addition to the necessary agricultural measures, the effect of fumigation with extermination smoke is very obvious, and it is fumigated once every 7 days. Can control the killing of whitefly.

V. Harvesting and Processing of Cut Roses

1. Harvest: When the outermost 2 to 3 petals are valgused, timely harvesting should be carried out. The harvesting length should be 60-80 cm, and it is best to use specialized scissors to cut the harvester.

2, post-harvest treatment: post-harvest saplings should be immediately transferred out of the greenhouse, placed at a temperature of 5 ~ 6 °C immediately immersed in the peduncle base water, to be sucked enough water to remove the grading. The coded ground should be covered with straw curtains to keep the flowers clean. When grading, the lower leaves and thorns are removed, and usually 3 to 8 leaves are left. According to the variety and color of flowers, the stalks are bundled into 10 or 20 bundles, and the heads are wrapped with soft cardboard to prevent damage during transportation.

Sixth, classification standards

A product: 80 cm long branches, bright colors, flowers round, neat flower, no discoloration, no double heart, normal leaves, no pest damage, uniform branches.

Secondary products: branches 70 cm long, the rest of the same grade.

Grade 3: 60 cm long branches, the same conditions as the rest.