Problems in the cultivation of facilities peach and the countermeasures

In Baoding City, the cultivation area of ​​planted peaches has been expanding year by year, while its market price has declined. The survey found that an important reason for this situation is that the level of cultivation techniques in different regions has affected the improvement of fruit quality. The existing problems and solutions for planting peach cultivation in Baoding are described below for reference.

First, there is a problem

1. The lack of low temperature demand. Deciduous fruit trees can only go through natural dormancy if they meet the low temperature demand. If the low temperature demand is insufficient, it will inevitably cause developmental obstacles. Even if the conditions are appropriate, they cannot germinate or germinate irregularly, causing flower organ malformation or serious abortion. Peach trees are often underestimated in their low-temperature demand during production, and the period of warming in the shed is inappropriate, resulting in low or no harvest.

2. Improper temperature regulation. In a certain place in Mancheng County, in the production of facility peaches, due to the time from the shank to the flowering stage, the warming time is short, resulting in no pollen or pollen in the peach, resulting in reduced or no harvest. In Xushui County, there are peach farmers in the management of the flowering period, the temperature is as high as 33 °C, resulting in a large number of falling flowers. Some fruit growers in Gaoyang County cooled the shed film one meter away from the ground during the flowering period. Cold winds directly blowing peach blossoms caused fruitless fruits.

3. Relax management after fruit harvesting. After fruit-picking, the nutrient consumption of the tree is large, and in the spring and summer when fruit trees grow vigorously, if they are improperly managed, they are prone to leggy, resulting in a large number of invalid branches, resulting in canopy closure, unfavorable flower bud formation, and high flower bud node position. The next year's output.

4. The flower and fruit period is not properly managed. Due to its early maturing and low season supply prices, some peach growers do not pay attention to fruit thinning and there are too many results, a small fruit, and poor quality, resulting in high yields and low efficiency.

5. Improper fertilization. Immersed chicken manure and human waste were applied before the shed. After the shed was draped, these chicken excrement and human excrement were cooked in the shed, releasing a lot of ammonia, causing peach poisoning. Some fruit growers used a method of concentrating acupuncture on chemical fertilizers when applying topdressing. Due to the large amount of ammonium bicarbonate or urea used, rotted roots cause poisoning of leaves, shoots, and fruit ammonia.

6. The spray concentration is too high. Due to the high temperature and humidity in the shed, under the conditions of closed growth, the leaves are tender, and if the concentration of the exposed soil is still used, the phytotoxicity can easily be caused.

Second, the solution

1. Satisfy the low temperature demand of facilities. The low temperature demand of peach trees is calculated at a temperature below 7.2°C, and the general variety is 1200-6000 hours. Under natural conditions, the peach tree sleeps from mid-December to mid-January. If artificially forced dormancy is used, it can be hibernated as soon as possible. The method was to cover the grass cover in early November and keep it ventilated throughout the day. The grass cover should be covered overnight and it could be lowered below 7.2°C in advance. When planting peach trees, it is recommended to use varieties with a low temperature requirement of 600-800 hours. From the end of November to the beginning of December, they can go through dormancy and warm up and germinate 1 month in advance. This is particularly suitable in warm winter years.

2. Reasonable control of temperature and humidity. With the increase of temperature, the developmental speed of peach organs is accelerated, which leads to an increase in pollen abortion. Therefore, the facilities peaches gradually warm up during the germination period, and the general time is 40 to 50 days. The first week, during the day 5 °C ~ 15 °C, at night not less than 5 °C. The second and third weeks, during the day 16 °C ~ 18 °C, night 7 °C ~ 10 °C. The fourth week is 18°C ​​to 20°C during the day and 7°C to 10°C during the night. After the 5th week, it is 18°C ​​to 23°C during the day and 7°C to 10°C at night. The highest flowering temperature should not exceed 25 °C, the minimum is not less than 5 °C, the optimum temperature is 22 °C ~ 23 °C, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled within 10 °C. If you need ventilation and cooling, you can let the air blow out at the top of the film. Avoid ventilation and cooling at the bottom and 1 meter away from the ground. Covering the ground in the shed can control the humidity below 40%, and increase the ground temperature by 2°C. It can also keep the soil moisture. If it does not cover the plastic film, the humidity in the canopy can reach more than 90%, which can easily cause leggy and disease.

3. Strengthen the management of open field growth stages. After the fruit was harvested, all lateral branches left 1 pair of leaf buds at the base and the rest were cut off. After 1 week of pruning, apply 50 kg of urea per acre and pour through the water several times. After about 10 days, shoots can be grown. Only one bud is left for each cut mouth, and the rest are wiped or twisted, and pruned according to the original tree shape.

During this period, a 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed once every 10 days, and after the ideal regenerated crown was formed in early July, water control, nitrogen control, and application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were performed. In early July, spray PP333 with a concentration of 300 mg/l. If it is still growing, spray 500 mg/l of PP333 for 15 days. Using this method of pruning and spraying PP333, the tree height and canopy can be well controlled, and a large number of full flower buds can be formed.

4. Flower and fruit management. In the flowering period in addition to bee pollination can also be artificial pollination, that is, at flowering time every day from 8 to 11 am with a brush pen to pollen directly to the stigma of the flower, with flowering with the point, at least point 2 to 3 times. During flower bud enlargement, flower buds are sparse, thin flowers, dense flowers, and late flowering, the base flowers of branches and double flower buds of each section can be removed. The fruit thinning is generally performed about 3 weeks after flowering after physiological fruiting, to remove the diseased fruit, malformed fruit, and small fruit, and to leave the fruits in good shape. General long fruit sticks leave 3 to 4 fruit, middle fruit sticks to stay 2 to 3 fruit, short fruit sticks to stay 1 fruit, long put pruning can also be used to "flower to set fruit", every 15 cm left 1 fruit, so that leaves It is advisable to keep the fruit ratio at 30:1. The thinning of fruit can be carried out in two stages. When the young fruit grows to the size of broad bean, it is once sparse. After 10 days, the fruit is set again for the second time, which means that the fruit thinning is completed.

5. Management of fruit maturity. The strong growth of the branches of the tree and the dense branches are cut off, and the leaves that affect the coloring of the fruit can be removed; the shed film can be cleaned or washed in time to increase the amount of transmitted light; the silver reflective film on the ground can be used to remove the fruitless branches near the ground; Hanging reflective film on the back wall and both sides; increase the temperature difference between day and night, increase the sugar content of the fruit, and promote fruit coloring.

6. Strengthen fertilizer and water management. In the middle and late September, 3000 kg of chicken manure was fully decomposed and poured deep into the ground after irrigation. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in peach trees is 10:2 to 4:6 to 16. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be calculated from the peach fruit yield. Before top dressing, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used. After ground application, water is poured and pressed. After the fruit is set, when the peach grows to the jujube size, it will be filled with small water. Fertilizer is mainly composed of potash fertilizer, combined with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. After that, if the soil is not very dry, it can be no longer fertilized and fertilized.

7. Appropriate amount of medication. Planted cultivated peaches, because of their space confined, there is little spread of diseases and insects, so spraying 3 to 5 Baume degree of lime sulfur in the bud expansion period (whitening period) can kill scale insects, aphids, and spider mites. In the growing season, if the locust can be sprayed with imidacloprid, the concentration should be lower than the exposed land. Spray in the afternoon to prevent high temperature caused by phytotoxicity, or fumigation with aerosols. The use of low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides such as Dasheng, imidacloprid, mancozeb, and other low-toxic pesticides and other biological pesticides should be prohibited in the shed.