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(a) Fertilizer Efficiency of Compound Fertilizers From the comparison of fertilizer efficiency of conventional compound fertilizers with conventional fertilization, the compound fertilizer with reasonable formula is always higher than that of conventional fertilization: the principle is that the effect of balanced fertilization (test soil recommended fertilization or Formula fertilization is always better than conventional (custom) fertilization. The compound fertilizer with scientific and technological content, whether it is a common fertilizer for various crops in certain regions, or a special fertilizer suitable for various crops in certain regions, is produced according to the principle of balanced fertilization, and its effects in the field. Better than local custom fertilization. At present, the development of blended fertilizers with higher technological content in China, which fully meets the nutritional needs of different soils and different crops, is a common issue for the agricultural scientific research and industrial production sectors.
(2) Reasonable application of compound fertilizer
1. Because of the application of soil, the area of ​​potassium deficiency in the soil in the south of China is continuously expanding, and the degree of phosphorus deficiency has moderated. It is advisable to apply compound fertilizers containing mainly nitrogen and potassium (N, K). Phosphate fertilizer in most areas in northern China has significant effects. Potash fertilizer is not effective at the moment. It is advisable to use N, P-based compound fertilizers. However, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K) ternary compound fertilizers should be promoted in cash crops and high-yielding areas, and the yield increase effect is more significant. According to the 8 rice experiments of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the available phosphorus (P) and effective potassium (K) in the soil were 10.9 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively. NPK compound fertilizer 20.8 kg. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) is 1 to 0.6 to 0.48, and the average yield per mu is 374.5 kg/mu. Nitrogen and phosphorus (N, P) compound fertilizer is 16 kg. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus The ratio of (P2O5) is 1 to 0.6, and the average yield is 330.1 kg per mu; the amount of nitrogen and potassium (N, K) compound fertilizer applied is 14.8 kg, and the ratio of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K2O) is 1 to 0.48. The average yield per mu is 358 kg. . It can be seen from this that there is little difference in the yields of N, K and NPK fertilizers on such soils, and the effect of P fertilizers on production is small.
2. Due to the application of crops According to the crop species and different nutritional characteristics, select the appropriate compound fertilizer varieties. For example, chlorine-free three-component compound fertilizer can increase the thickness of tobacco leaves and improve the combustibility and aroma of tobacco leaves. The application of three-component compound fertilizers to crops such as fruit trees and watermelons can reduce the acidity of fruits and increase the sweetness; sugar cane and beet The use of ternary compound fertilizers can increase sugar content; cereal crops are mainly based on soil nutrients. The use of special compound fertilizers will increase the cost of processing, and will be used more in cash crops. The benefits will be higher. According to the results of experiments in various regions, the proportion of suitable nutrients for application of compound fertilizers to several types of cash crops is approximately. For cotton, the compound fertilizer of about 1:0.5:1 or 1:0.5:0.5 is used; the hemp is 1:0.35:0.8; the sugar cane is 1:0.23:1.1; the sweet leek is 1:0.7:0.8; and the peanut and soybean are 1: 2:1; Watermelon 1:0.4:0.8; Apple in the nursery period and young age: 1:1:0.5, once in the result tree, 1:0.4:0.8; once in the tea garden, 1:0.5～ 1 : 0.5 to 1; For tea, black tea production area should apply more phosphate fertilizer, green tea production area should apply more nitrogen fertilizer.
3. The nature of the application of compound fertilizers by nutrient form is mainly determined by their nutrient form. Nitrate-containing nitrogen is used or not used in paddy fields. Phosphorus containing cesium is more suitable for application on acidic soils, containing high chloride ions. It should not be applied to chlorine-sensitive crops such as tobacco and potatoes. The water-soluble phosphorus compound fertilizers in Table 2-7 refer to the average yields of urea ammonium phosphate, urea heavy calcium, and urea calcium calcium. The compound fertilizers of these varieties have relatively stable fertilizer effects and are suitable for various crops in the north and south water and dry fields in China. Compared with the compound fertilizer of nitrophosphate, the effect of seasonal fertilizer on the soil with different effective phosphorus content is different. The available phosphorus content of the tested soil is lower, and the fertilizer effect of water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is better. Some tests can achieve significant or "extremely significant" levels as measured by significance. Therefore, soils with severe phosphorus deficiency should use water-soluble phosphorus compound fertilizers.
4. In the main compound fertilizer, there is phosphorus or phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the main compound fertilizer. At the same time, most of the fertilizers are granular, which is slower than the single fertilizer. Therefore, it is better to use basal fertilizer or seed fertilizer. In the North China region of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences where soil fertilization was carried out in the early or middle stage of crop growth, both binary and ternary compound fertilizers were better than base fertilizers. . The rate of production reduction is above 6%. According to the wheat experiment conducted by the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, even if no single nitrogen fertilizer is added during the crop growth period, the effect of the primary fertilizer application of the compound fertilizer is better than that of the base fertilizer.
Is the compound fertilizer applied in a fully ploughed layer or is it as a fertilizer? Most of the experimental results showed that the difference between the two was not significant in high-fertility soils, but the effect of applying fertilizer as a seed fertilizer in middle and low-yielding fields was better, and 6.3% more wheat than in the whole plough layer and 6.5% in corn. For seed dressing, seed and fertilizer must be separated, otherwise it will seriously affect the emergence rate and reduce production. When the amount of compound fertilizer is more, the base fertilizer is the main ingredient, and when the amount is less, it can be concentrated as the seed fertilizer. In the growing stage, the appropriate amount of simple nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the seedling condition. In the absence of basal fertilizer or basal fertilizer, early recovery of appropriate amount of compound fertilizer also has a good effect of increasing production. For the whole growth period of perennial crops, compound fertilizers with suitable nutrient ratios are applied, and the yield increase effect is also very good.
The world's first man-made fertilizer produced by mankind is compound fertilizer (using manure and sulphuric acid to produce a mixed fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and various trace elements). The advantage of compound fertilizer is that it is the result of combining the principles and techniques of balanced fertilization with fertilizer products, or it is a product of the materialization of scientific and technological achievements.