Demand characteristics of livestock and poultry for roughage

Roughage includes hay and straw feeds, which are characterized by low nutrient content and high cellulose content. Due to different digestive and physiological characteristics of various livestock and poultry, the demand for roughage varies greatly. First, the ruminant livestock's demand for roughage The ruminants in the cattle, sheep, camels, due to the rumen, honeycomb stomach, abomasum and stomach discrimination four different functions of the digestive utilization of the rough feed. Under grazing conditions, natural grassland or artificial grassland can basically meet its nutritional needs. Under house-feeding conditions, roughage accounted for 70%-80% of the diet, ruminant livestock had good use of straw feed, corn stalks were chopped and fed, and fattening bulls ate 9-10 kilograms of eclipse, matching 3 kilograms of fines. Feed, daily gain of 500 grams or more. The digestibility of corn stover is 40%-45%, and the digestibility of ammoniated corn stover is about 60%. Roughage of cellulose content of more than 30%, in the digestive tract from the filling, and promote gastrointestinal motility and improve digestion. Therefore, in ruminant livestock diets, there must be sufficient amount of roughage in order to make full use of other feeds. Second, the non-ruminant livestock demand for roughage Non-ruminant livestock refers to horses, baboons, donkeys, and omnivorous animals in herbivores. In this type of livestock, because horses, storks, and donkeys have a more developed cecum, they can also make heavy use of roughage. However, under normal circumstances, it is required that the roughage should be processed or mixed with an appropriate amount of concentrate in order to achieve better feeding results. Pigs have poor digestion and absorption of roughage and need to process roughage into powder. The amount used is generally not more than 10%. High-quality grass powder can be slightly more, straw powder is usually 5%-6%, too much will have a negative effect. Third, the poultry's need for roughage Goose, ducks in poultry like to eat fresh grass green vegetables, dietary crude feed ratio of about 5%, broiler or layer of broiler feed in the diet accounted for only 2% -3%. Poultry digestive use of crude food is low, and requires high-quality grass powder, such as alfalfa, clover and other grass powder. The roughage mainly promotes the creeping action of gastrointestinal foods in poultry breeding, and the main nutrient is supplied by the concentrate feed.