Carrots in root vegetables are meaty, nutritious, rich in water, vitamins, and sugar, and they are a favorite vegetable. In the northern region, large stocks and long storage periods play an important role in seasoning or late processing of vegetables in winter and spring. First, the storage characteristics of carrots do not have a physiological period of dormancy. Its fleshy roots are mainly composed of parenchyma cells. The cold, humid and humid environment is conducive to budding and convulsions when it encounters suitable conditions during storage. This promotes the transfer of water and nutrients in the parenchyma cells to the growing point (apical bud), causing sprouting and degeneration. It not only makes the flesh root weightless, sugar content decreases, but also the tissue is soft, the flavor is lighter, and the food quality is reduced. Therefore, the prevention of sprouting and delirium is the primary problem for the storage of carrots in winter. Carrot epidermis lacks horny, waxy and other protective layers and has poor water retention. If the storage temperature is high and the temperature is low, not only is sprouting and transpiration dehydration leading to delirium but also increasing natural loss; if the storage temperature is too low, the roots of meat are susceptible to freezing injury. Therefore, the storage environment of carrots must be kept at low temperature and high humidity. Usually suitable storage temperature is 0 °C -3 °C, relative humidity of 90% -95%. Because carrot root cells and cell gaps are large, they have high aeration and can tolerate higher concentrations of CO2. The concentration of CO2 is 8%–10% without harm, so carrots are also suitable for sealed storage. Second, varieties, harvesting, post-harvest processing of carrots with bright skin, slender roots, stems and discs, the stems of the fine varieties suitable for storage. It has a relatively long growing period and is generally sown earlier and later harvested. Cultivation should pay attention to more P, K fertilizer to enhance disease resistance. Timely harvesting is important for the storage of carrots. The harvesting of carrots is generally before and after the frost, harvesting is too early due to the soil temperature, the temperature is still high and cannot be lowered in time, or the temperature of the vegetable piles can not be lowered quickly after the pit is lowered, and both the sprouting and the deterioration are easy to be promoted; The root growth period is too long, and it is easy to worry about it during storage. It is also possible to freeze the straight roots in the field. However, the roots that are stored and frozen are often rotted. In order to be able to timely harvest and make the product reach the appropriate maturity, we must master the sowing harvest time. All localities should be flexible according to the specific conditions of the year. Immediately after the harvest, the loquat leaves were twisted and piled up in small piles on the spot to cover the leaves and leaves to prevent the wind from drying up and freezing at night. The best storage immediately under the pit. If the outside temperature is still high, you can short-term pre-storage in the pit or field, stacked on the ground or in shallow pits, covered with thin soil, ventilated channels for ventilation and cooling until the ground began to freeze when the pit. III. Storage diseases and their prevention and control (I) Non-invasive diseases Germination and degeneration (II) Infected diseases 1. Sclerotinia. It is a serious disease during storage and transportation, especially in cellar carrots. The symptoms are straight soft rot, with a large number of white flocculent mycelium and murine bacillus nucleus wrapped around the outside. The sclerotia are initially white, and the latter are black particles. In severe cases, it can cause root rot in the whole cellar. It is caused by the ascomycete subphylum Sclerotinia. The host of bacteria is very much. In moist conditions, mycelium grows lushly and directly spreads harm. Therefore, contact infection during storage is the main way to cause severe rotting in this disease. The disease will spread rapidly at high temperatures. In the case of sclerotinia disease, the spread of storage during storage is more affected than that of fungal sources when entering or entering the warehouse. Frostbite is a cause of extensive outbreak of diseases in the cellar. 2. Black rot. It is a common disease during storage and transportation, but it decays at a much slower rate than Sclerotinia and bacterial soft rot. Its symptoms mainly affect the fleshy roots, forming an irregular or near-circular shape, dark spots with micro depressions, black mouldy material on the inside, rotting deep into the interior about 5 mm, black flesh being dark, and the diseased tissue being slightly hard. However, if the humidity is high, soft rot may also appear. It is caused by the fungus Alternaria spp. of the genus Alternaria sp. (III) Control methods 1. The field production was planted disease-free and three years of crop rotation with grass crops. 2. Burn the sick and diseased leaves in the field and storage environment in time to reduce the source of infection. 3. Harvest timely and minimize any mechanical damage to the root surface caused by pre-harvest or post-harvest transport. 4. Completely disinfect warehouses and equipment with chlorine-containing compounds such as sodium hypochlorite. 5. Timely drainage after rain, reasonable fertilization and watering, field spraying of lime sulfur or chlorine nitrate powder all have a certain control effect. 6. Don't cut stems and plates of the roots in the early stage of storage. This treatment will cause large areas of wounds, easy infection of pathogens and evaporation of water, and increase the consumption of nutrients due to stimulation of breathing, but it is easy to worry. It is easy to sprout and cringe just to twist but not to cut the top. Therefore, it can be used to scrape off the growing point without cutting to store it in the early stage, and then to cut the top when the cellar temperature rises during the later period of storage, so as to prevent sprouting and prevent heart failure. IV. Storage methods and management (1) Grooves used for storage of carrots, generally 1-1.5 meters wide. If they are too wide, they will increase the influence of temperature, reduce the heat preservation effect of the soil, and make it difficult to maintain a stable low temperature in the ditch. The depth should be slightly deeper than the local winter permafrost by 0.6 to 0.8 meters. The length depends on the amount of storage. During storage, the thickness of the overburden is adjusted as the ambient temperature changes to lower the temperature in the ditch. The storage ditch should be located at a location where the terrain is high, the water level is low, and the soil is viscous. The subsoil is generally more clean and has less bacteria, which can be used for covering. The topsoil piles play a role of shading on the south side of the ditch. The mound is shaded to increase its height as much as possible. No additional materials are required. In the early and middle stages of storage, good cooling and constant temperature effects can be achieved. Carrots can be stacked in a ditch, and the thickness is generally not more than 0.5 meters, so as to prevent the underlying products from being rotted by heat. It is best to laminate with wet sand, which helps to protect the moisture and increase the CO2 concentration around the root. A thin layer of soil is applied to the surface of the product when it is under the pit, and then it is added in stages as the temperature drops, and finally it is approximately flush with the ground. The time and thickness of each soiling must be mastered to prevent the underlying product from being overheated or the surface product from freezing. In order to grasp the appropriate temperature conditions, a bamboo or wooden tube can be set in the middle of the ditch, and the thermometer can be hung inside. The temperature of the ditch can be observed in the carrot periodically to cover it in time. Most of the buried root vegetables are ditched. When the weather turns warm in the following year, the cover soil is removed, and the rotten roots are picked out. The top buds are cut off and put back into the ditch, covered with a layer of thin soil, and can be stored for a period of time. (2) Stacking and storage method Carrots can be stacked or palletized in the pit or in a ventilated warehouse. The stack should not be too high. Generally, the stack height is 0.8m-1m. Otherwise, the temperature inside the heap is high and perishable. In order to enhance the ventilation and heat dissipation effect, a ventilator can be installed in the reactor every 1.5 to 2 meters. It is generally not piled in storage. The accumulation of wet sand in the pit or in the warehouse is more effective than bulk storage, and it is easy to moisturize and accumulate CO2. Pay attention to the temperature in the pit or the warehouse and cover it with straw if necessary to prevent freezing. Periodic inspections were conducted during storage and it was found that the rotting products were promptly removed. (c) Semi-closed storage method of plastic film: In the ventilation warehouse, carrots are piled into rectangular crucibles of a certain size. Before the beginning of storage or when the temperature rises, the plastic film covers are used. The bottom is not covered with film. O2 concentration can be properly reduced, increase CO2 levels, maintain high humidity, extend storage, better preservation. During the storage period, ventilation and air exchange can be periodically revealed, and inspections can be conducted when necessary. (D) Plastic film pouch storage method In the cellar or ventilation warehouse 0.07 mm - 0.08 mm thick polyethylene plastic film bag sealed storage of carrots, can effectively inhibit dehydration and sprouting, stored at a low temperature of 1 °C, the effect is very good .
Radish Juice Vermicelli Bag
Radish Juice Vermicelli Bag,Reusable Radish Juice Vermicelli Bag,Radish Juice Vermicelli Bag Wholesale,Radish Juice Vermicelli Plastic Bag
Ningxia ZhaiXianSong Commercial and Trading Co.,Ltd. , http://www.nxupin.com