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The ability of human cells to understand signals from various growth factors is key to the normal development of the fetus. The invasiveness and viability of cancer cells are also regulated by growth factors, of which transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) plays a prominent role. In the new study by Zui, researchers at the Ludwig Cancer Institute and the Department of Genetics and Pathology at Uppsala University in Sweden have identified a completely new signal pathway regulated by TGF-b. Researcher Marion Lanstrom said the findings are important in determining what signaling pathways TGF-b uses to inhibit cell growth or stimulate cancer cell survival and metastasis.
In a similar manner that survives in most animals, TGF-b transmits its signal to the interior of the cell through receptors attached to the cell membrane. More than a decade ago, scientists discovered that Smad proteins act as unique messengers for active TGF-b signaling. When phosphate is bound to it, these proteins are activated in a manner that depends on the activity of the enzyme (serine-threonine kinase) in the TGF-b receptor.
The new signaling pathway identified by the researchers is completely unregulated by serine-threonine kinase activity. Studies have shown that the receptor used in contrast activates another enzyme, TRAF6, attached to it. TRAF6 is a ubiquitin ligase that, once activated, places short protein chains on itself and on other proteins. Therefore, TRAF6 acts as a switch that determines what signals within the cell should be turned on. TGF utilizes TRAF6 to specifically activate a kinase called TAK1, which in turn activates other kinases, leading to cell death.
The researchers said that the use of TRAF6 to activate intracellular signaling pathways has opened up a new vision for future research, enabling researchers to develop new treatments for advanced TGF-dependent cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. .
Growth factors are critical for the survival and growth of cancer cells. A team of scientists from the United States and Sweden has discovered a new signaling pathway for growth factors, opening up a whole new dimension for cancer research such as breast and prostate cancer. direction. Related research results were published in the September 2 issue of Nature and Cell Biology.