Rape needs high boron, strong boron absorption, and is very sensitive to boron nutrition. In the boron-deficient soil, the growth of rapeseed is significantly reduced, even in severe cases, it will lead to an unacceptable harvest. The application of boron fertilizer can promote the growth and development of rape, significantly increase the yield of rapeseed and improve the quality of the product. First, the boron fertilizer should be applied sooner rather than later. Under the condition of abundant boron nutrition, the absorption of boron in rape can take the highest peak of accumulation from the flowering period to the fruiting period, accounting for nearly 60% of the total growth period, followed by the period of moss , accounting for about 205 of the total growth period. The application of boron fertilizer in rapeseed should be prior to the flowering period to ensure the maximum demand for boron nutrition from the growth and development of rapeseed from flowering stage to pod stage. The movement of boron in the rapeseed is very slow. The amount of boron in each leaf is an obvious gradient. It gradually decreases from the lower leaf to the upper leaf. There is a significant difference between the positive and negative leaves. Early boron supply is very heavy, seedling period and moss Spraying boron fertilizer is the two key periods. At this time, boron fertilizer has the best effect and the highest effect. In regions with severe boron deficiency, boron fertilizer should be sprayed once again during flowering period of rapeseed. Second, the boron-deficient soil fertilization effect is very serious Boron deficiency: the amount of boron in the soil is less than 0.2ppm, about 27% of this type of soil in Hubei, the application of boron can increase production by more than 30%. Mild boron depletion: The content of boron in the soil is 0.2-0.5ppm. This type of soil is best distributed widely in Hubei, accounting for more than 60% of the cultivated area. The boron-increasing yield of rapeseed in this area is generally 10-30%. Potentially deficient in boron: The amount of boron in the soil is 0.5-0.8ppm, and the yield of rapeseed after the application of boron fertilizer is generally 5-20%. Such soil accounts for about 10% of the cultivated area. Sufficient amount of boron: The amount of boron in the soil is 0.8ppm, the effect of boron application is not obvious, and the increase rate is generally below 5%, but such soil is rare. 3. Drought-induced rapeseed deficiency in boron climate Climate drought will increase the degree of boron deficiency in rapeseed, especially in the post-emergence and flowering horny stages. Drought will lead to the lack of boron and flowers in the rape, and should be emphasized in the dry season and drought areas. Apply boron fertilizer. Fourth, see seedlings cut off guidance Boron rape planting, see seedling diagnosis boron is a simple and very effective method. The morphological symptoms of boron deficiency at different growth stages can be used as the basis for the diagnosis of field seedlings, and corresponding correction methods are used according to the observed results. 1. Identification at the seedling stage: 1 Leaf: After the five-leaf stage, the lower leaves are Zheng, and the leaf margin is slightly purple; 2 roots: Slow growth, less fibrous roots. Corrective method: Spray 0.2% boron fertilizer solution 60 kg/mu in the seedbed 2 or 3 days before transplanting, or 0.5 kg/mu boron fertilizer in the field. 2. Identification at the overwintering stage: 1 leaf: leaf margin of the lower leaves until the whole leaves are purple, the upper leaves are not flat, and even the apical growth is stagnant. 2 roots: Dysplasia, severe central mid-air is yellow-brown.
Corrective method: Before and after flower bud differentiation or in late December to early January, spray 0.2% boron fertilizer 60 kg/mu, once. 3. Lei moss period identification units: 1 moss stem: extension is slow, dwarfing, even the main stem atrophy; 2 leaves: the middle and lower functional leaves appear purple; 3 bud: abnormal development, and even withered. Corrective method: When the stem height is 15 to 30 centimeters, or in late February, spray 0.2% boron fertilizer 80 kg/mu. 4. Flowering identification sites: 1 main inflorescence: obvious dwarfing, atrophy of the top; 2 leaves: the leaves of the middle and lower functional leaves are purple. 3 flowers: no obvious final flowering period, pollen grains, stigma, ovary, development is not perfect, can not form a normal fruit.
Correction method: Spraying 0.2% boron fertilizer 100 kg/mu in the early flowering season or in mid-March, which has certain effect on some plants, but it has no effect on most diseased plants. 5. The identification phase of the pod phase: 1 Whole plant: Obviously "flowers but not real", the upper functional leaves were purple-red, regenerated branches or leaf pods clustered into branches, blooming; 2 pods: only a few deformed pods , And the number of grains is very small. Boron has no obvious effect because it is too late, but it should be applied as early as possible when growing rape in this soil. 6. Identifying parts of mature plants: 1 Whole plant: flower but not real, effective pods rarely matured significantly delayed; 2 seeds: uneven size, strict decline. Even no income. Fifth, the correct method of boron fertilizer application 1. The spraying of boron fertilizer on leaves with boron fertilizer is a very economical and effective way. It can not only save fertilizer but also has quick effect. Post-emergence (before and after flower bud differentiation) and bolting (15 to 30 centimeters of moss height) are the critical period for boron spraying. It is best to spray each time. Seedlings or early flowering period can be used as auxiliary boron spraying measures based on symptoms of boron deficiency. The concentration of about 0.2% boron solution is suitable. The amount of spraying is even and the leaves are fully wet with water droplets. Usually about 50 kg per acre seedlings, about 80 to 100 kg in the later period. It is best to spray before the evening stops on a sunny day. Within 4 hours after spraying, in case of rain, it should be re-sprayed. 2. Boron fertilizer at the end of the application of boron fertilizer, including live or transplanted rape, can be applied with other fertilizers. Save labor, play a role in the potential of fertilization; but also in time to meet the demand for boron in each growth period of rape, suitable for moderate or severe boron deficient soil, about 0.5 kg of boron per acre is appropriate. Mix well with fine soil or organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, and apply ditching or applying acupuncture points. Do not put the boron fertilizer directly in contact with seeds (live) or young roots (transplantation). It is not appropriate to deepen or apply boron fertilizer. Do not overdosage, Mushi boron fertilizer 2.5 to 5 kilograms or more combined cause burning seedlings, inhibit growth. 3. The boron fertilizer is combined with organic manure, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and it exerts the potential of increasing yield with the use of fertilizers. Mushi high-quality farmyard fertilizer 1000 to 2000 kg base fertilizer. In medium and low-yield soils, 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer in Mushi, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 12.5 to 17.5 kilograms (nitrogen and boron ratio 25 to 35:1); the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer (P:O5) is 6 kg (phosphorus and boron ratio 12:1). 4. The vast majority of rapeseed production areas in the south belong to paddy fields. Rape spraying or base fertilizer boron fertilizer 0.5 kg/mu has no effect on the growth and development of the post-crop, and the aftereffect is not obvious. In boron-deficient soils, in principle, rape should be applied annually.
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