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Herbage is an essential feed for dairy cows. Dairy cows are large-grass herbivores. Rumens with ruminant and ruminant functions are highly developed. Rumination is a physiological requirement for dairy cows. The chewing activity of dairy cows contributes to the secretion of saliva buffer and is effective. Controlling pH levels in the rumen of dairy cows is also an indicator of whether or not the ruminal environment is normal. The physicochemical properties of crude fiber, such as pasture, are important for stimulating chewing activity of cows and maintaining a stable milk fat percentage. The chemical reaction of cows to the effective neutral detergent fiber level in the diet is a change in fat-fat ratio, and its physical response is its chewing. activity. Herbage is rich in crude cellulose for dairy cows to enjoy the nutrients and fun of rumination, satisfying the eating habits and digestive physiology of dairy cows. If artificially increasing the composition or reducing roughage of dairy diets is not conducive to ruminant physiological habits and digestion and utilization of roughage. Therefore, to maintain the fiber balance of dairy cows' diets, it is necessary to add about 30% of the dietary roughage and ensure that the cows have 40% of the time for rumination. Due to the physiological characteristics of dairy cows and the function of the digestive organs, the animal husbandry cows whose dairy industry uses roughage as the main diet ingredient are born with grass. Their diet, digestive system and physiological habits are adapted to herbivores. . It is only the rise of the modern dairy farming industry that humans have to research and formulate dairy cow diets in order to obtain more milk products. However, scientists at home and abroad have adopted a variety of methods to study the degradability of dairy cows on organic matter, neutral detergent fibers and acidic detergent fibers in different dairy cow dietary ratios. The results are as follows: First, dairy cow dietary concentrates When the crude ratio is 1:1, the degradation rate of organic matter, neutral detergent fibers and acid washing fibers is the highest. When the ratio of coarse to coarse is increased to 7:3, the degradation rate decreases to varying degrees; second, when the concentrate feed accounts for the diet At 20% to 60%, the cows did not have a significant effect on the dry matter digestibility of the diet, but the dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced when the proportion of concentrate feed reached 80%. The third was when the ratio of the crude feed to the dairy diet was 68:32. At the time, carbohydrates are used most efficiently. The results of the above study show that when the content of concentrate in the dairy cow diet exceeds 50%, there is a “negative combination effect†on the digestion of rumen roughage, so it is generally considered that the content of concentrate in the dairy cow diet is generally not higher than 60%. Better, 70% may be the limit. Pasture is a nutrient for dairy cows. Forage is rich in protein. It is the most economical crude protein feed for dairy cows. Forage grass is a high-quality roughage with rich nutrition, good palatability, economic security, and environmental protection, especially legumes (Alfalfa, red beans Grass, etc.) is the most reliable and economical source of high quality protein for intensive dairy farming. In the dry matter of earthworms, the crude protein content is as high as 18% to 24.8%, the protein contains more than 20 kinds of amino acids, including all the essential amino acids of humans and animals, and some rare amino acids (citrulline, octopine, etc.) ), wherein the lysine content is 1.06% to 1.38%. The temporal amino acid protein and the FAO amino acid model recommended by the FAO are basically in agreement, so the large-scale planting of alfalfa can solve the problem of shortage of human and animal protein. Earthworms also contain large quantities of non-protein nitrogen (free amino acids, peptides, phenol amines, purines, alkaloids, etc.) that can be used by ruminants to make up about 33% of total nitrogen in the earthworms. Non-protein nitrogen is not of high value for non-ruminant livestock, but it can be well utilized by rumen microorganisms in the rumen of dairy cows. After silage, there is a large amount of protein hydrolyzed to amino acids, and its non-protein nitrogen content can be as high as more than 50%. Alfalfa leaf protein has various amino acid content close to animal protein, lysine, tryptophan and other amino acid models are reasonable, the composition ratio is relatively balanced, its nutritional value and feeding effect are equal to fish meal, and higher than soybean cake, peanut cake Such as, has a significant increase in cow weight and milk production, improve the quality of milk products, reduce feed consumption, improve feed conversion rate and other good feeding effect, is a renewable source of good plant protein. The combination of guanidine and urea can replace soybean meal in dairy diets. Feeding dairy cows with alfalfa hay can significantly enhance the ability of rumen microbes to synthesize proteins, increase dairy cows’ milk production and enduring lactation, and reduce milk fat percentage. This is because valerian products can balance various amino acids of ruminant livestock, and provide vitamins and high-quality cellulose, so that the protein content of rumen reaches 58% to 60% of the total protein, thereby greatly improving the results of the utilization efficiency of pupa protein. Shanghai Guangming Group's production practice shows that raising dairy cows with valerian products can enhance the disease resistance and immunity of dairy cows, and can significantly increase milk production and reproductive capacity. Herbage is rich in vitamins and minerals. It is the safest green feed for dairy cows. Most primary processing products for pastures and forages, such as fresh grass, hay, hay bales (grains), grass pellets, grass powder, etc., in addition to rich in In addition to crude protein, it is also rich in vitamins and minerals. Grass hay prepared from forage grasses not only has fragrant aromas, but is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, carotene, and minerals. The dry matter content of valerian products can always be 4.87 to 5.71 kcal/kg. Grams, and rich in lutein, chlorophyll, carotene, vitamin E, vitamin B and calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium and other mineral elements, including calcium content as high as 1.50% to 1.90%. Therefore, madder products have the characteristics of no artificial color, no odor, high protein content, low fat, and low sugar, and are ideal for feeding dairy cows. The quality of indigo hay or grass meal contains crude protein that is 3 times higher than lysine, tryptophan, and tryptophan, and 1.7 times higher than barley. In addition, there are lutein and vitamin C, K, E, B and Ca, P and other trace elements and other microbial active substances, nutrient content is complete and balanced, to meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows diet. Since a variety of forage products can meet the needs of dairy cows for various nutrients such as protein, vitamins, polyphenols, bioactive calcium, carotene, and cellulose, the addition of high-quality pasture to dairy cow diets can not only increase the output of dairy cows. , but also can significantly improve the quality of milk products and milk fat, which contains vitamin E can effectively control the oxidation of milk flavor, keep the special flavor of fresh milk. In the dairy product market, one of the reasons consumers reflect that some fresh milk is not fragrant and of poor quality is the lack of pasturage, vitamins and minerals in the dairy cow diet. Legume herbage promotes the digestion and utilization of crop straw roughage. The lack of mineral elements in dairy cows will reduce the growth efficiency of rumen microorganisms, and the digestibility of feedstuffs will decrease and the number of microbial populations will decrease. In straw roughage, the mineral elements are lacking, but the growth of ruminal fungi in dairy cows has special requirements for sulfur, and sulfur is beneficial to the synthesis of rumen microbial proteins. Phosphorus in vitro tests resulted in a 123% increase in cellulose digestibility, a 53% increase in microbial protein, and an increase in digestibility of cellulose by 10.9% in vivo. Ruminal phosphorus and calcium deficiency decreased microbial growth efficiency, straw intake and digestibility were reduced. Magnesium is necessary for all rumen microorganisms, and is particularly necessary for cellulolytic bacteria. The supply of sufficient amount of magnesium is a prerequisite for the optimal utilization of low-quality roughage such as crop straw. Legume herbage contains calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and other mineral elements, plus the ability of the cow's rumen microorganisms to enrich essential mineral elements to meet the needs of dairy cows for mineral elements. Legume forage has a synergistic effect on crop stalks, and this positive combinatorial effect is formed by a combination of various factors. Our rational use of this positive combinatorial effect in dairy cow rations will further improve the utilization efficiency of stalks. . The digestible crude protein content of alfalfa hay is 2.3-3.5 times that of general crop straw, and the comprehensive nutritional value is close to that of dairy cows. Studies have shown that the degradation of earthworms in the rumen can produce isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and small peptides and amino acids that are required for the growth of certain crude fiber-decomposing bacteria. By stimulating the activity of crude fiber-decomposing bacteria, they can increase the fibrous substances of dairy cows. Digestibility, and improve the physiological parameters of the rumen environment (such as branched fatty acids, ruminal ammonia nitrogen, etc.). In addition, the number of zoospore fungus spores increased when wolfberry or red bean grass was added to the dairy cow diet, and the easily fermentable cell wall constituents promoted the clustering of fiber-decomposing bacteria on low-quality crop stalks. These experiments further confirmed the supplementation of earthworms, etc. Legume herbage products can improve the utilization efficiency of crop straw, and prove that there is a positive combination effect between alfalfa grass and wheat straw. Therefore, adding forage legumes to dairy cows can meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows and improve the quality of milk products. It can also significantly increase the utilization rate of roughage for dairy cows and reduce the cost of feeding. (Source: China Agricultural Information Network)