With the improvement of people's quality of life, food safety has been increasingly valued and aquatic products are no exception. People's demand for aquatic products is not only concerned with fresh and delicious, nutritious, and reasonably priced, but also very concerned about its safety and quality indicators. Consumption of pollution-free food has become a consumer trend, which of course includes aquatic products. The huge market demand provides a good opportunity for the owners of aquaculture to make money. First, what are the requirements for the production of pollution-free aquatic products? First, the breeding base must be certified, the most important of which is that the atmosphere, soil, and water quality must meet the national standards for "safety and quality of agricultural products - environmental requirements for aquatic products production areas" and "pollution-free freshwater aquaculture Water quality requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture; Secondly, it is necessary to carry out the cultivation in accordance with the production and technical operating procedures of pollution-free aquatic products, from seed stocking to the use of feeds, fertilizers, fishery medicines and all other input products, to the fishing and storage of products. All aspects of transportation, quality inspection, bagging, and listing need to meet the requirements of related standards or specifications. Third, products must undergo spot inspection by an authoritative quality inspection agency designated by the government, and they must be fully qualified and certified to enter the market. Second, in the pollution-free aquatic products breeding which methods (a) artificial ecological environment breeding method. That is, artificially creating a water area that meets the environmental conditions for the production of non-pollution aquatic products, and selecting suitable breeding species for pollution-free breeding based on principles of aquatic ecology. For example, the cultivation of shrimps and crabs with grasses has become one of the main modes for the development of pollution-free shrimp and crab cultivation and the construction of large-scale ecological breeding bases. The cultivation of vines or vines on the oysters of fish ponds to build awning frogs has become a common type of frog ecology. Fish, livestock, poultry, and grass (vegetables) combined organic farming method, which combines livestock, poultry, aquaculture and forage grass cultivation, uses non-environmental pollution feed to feed livestock, poultry, fish, and pond grasses to forage grass Feeding fish and livestock, livestock and manure fertilizers are fermented by biogas digesters and used for forage grass and water quality fertilizers. In winter, the pond's fertilizer in the pond can be used as a base fertilizer for grass, thus forming a benign cycle of material flow. This is the classic artificial ecosystem breeding method in China, and it is also a form of development potential of pollution-free aquaculture. . (b) Multi-species three-dimensional culture method. Under the regulation of the food chain, aquatic animals live in different water layers, forming a relatively stable ecological balance, which constitutes the diversity of organisms and plays an important regulatory role in the protection and improvement of the ecological environment. Applying this principle to aquaculture production, a multi-species three-dimensional polyculture method has been formed. For example, grass carp (or grass carp) is the main fish and a certain amount of plutonium, plutonium, alfalfa, alfalfa, etc. is mixed with the pond. The combination of varieties of this model is very reasonable: using grass (or part of the commodity) to feed grass carp (or cockroach), the excrement they excrete can be fertilizer and water, which is conducive to the cultivation of plankton, and pupae, pupae and filter-feeding plankton reduce the water quality, The crickets and clams also feed on the leftover bait, detritus, and benthos, which play a role in cleaning the environment. Through the joint action of maggots, cockroaches, cockroaches, and cockroaches, it not only purifies the water environment, but also promotes the growth of grass carp (or grass carp), the main cultivar. If properly matched with a bit of fierce carnivorous fish (such as cockroaches, cockroaches, clams, oysters, etc.) in the system, use of them to eat wild fish in aquaculture waters and fish bodies with poor or ill health can not only prevent The incidence of major breeding species and the spread of diseases can also increase income and reduce income. (C) open flow or micro-water aquaculture method. This method mainly uses the natural fall of rivers and lake reservoirs for flow culture. Due to good water quality and excellent environment, supporting the use of non-environmental pollution feeds, and raising famous fish, as long as the appropriate breeding density, it is rarely diseased. Therefore, it is not necessary to use drugs or very few drugs, and the product can usually meet the standards of pollution-free aquatic products. (d) Closed circulating water factory farming method. This is one of the most advanced production modes of aquatic products today. The method is to apply multiple high-tech methods to aquaculture water bodies in a specific aquaculture facility for multiple sterilization and sterilization, warming and oxygenating, and feeding pollution-free feed so that the cultured objects are always in the best living and growing environment. No disease occurred. Products are not only pollution-free, but also meet the requirements of green food. However, this breeding mode has the characteristics of high input, high output, and high risk. At present, it is only suitable for popularization and application in the surrounding areas of large and medium-sized cities and economically developed water-scarce regions. (5) The reciprocal and mutual breeding method for aquatic products and crops. This mainly refers to the past "paddy field farming" method, which must now be produced in accordance with the standards of pollution-free aquatic products. (f) Use of microbial preparations. In the past 10 years, microbial microbial preparations have been gradually applied in aquaculture, which has provided strong protection for pollution-free and healthy aquaculture production. At present, more commonly used products are photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, Lactobacillus preparations, probiotics, Xifei Li, EM preparations. They can decompose the organic matter such as residual baits and fish dung in the water body, reduce the ammonia nitrogen content of the water, make the aquaculture water body cleaner, and thus improve the environment; they can improve the gastrointestinal tract environment of the cultured subjects, increase appetite, promote growth, and increase feed Rewards; they can also strengthen the immune function of the breeding object, improve immunity, and enhance disease resistance; can also strengthen the beneficial bacteria, prevent and reduce the occurrence and spread of bacterial diseases. (7) Breeding during the withdrawal period. When it is necessary to prevent and control diseases in the production process, it is necessary to use the fishery drugs allowed by the State, and it is necessary to strictly control the dosage. One month or more before the product is put on the market, stop using drugs to ensure that the product meets the requirements of pollution-free food standards. This method is one of the important methods for the development of pollution-free aquatic products. (8) Natural ecosystem aquaculture. Use unpolluted natural waters (such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, etc.) and their natural baits to breed and breed according to specific farming patterns, and basically do not feed or fertilize or spread pesticides. The goal is to produce green food and organic food. food. This is an important means of obtaining high quality aquatic products in the future.
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