Shiitake is one of the important edible mushrooms. It was originally wild and was cultivated artificially by China since 800 years ago. Substitute material cultivation is to use wood chips, mulberry powder, cottonseed hulls and other artificial mushroom wood instead of mushroom cultivation mushrooms. The method has wide resources, high output, short production period and high economic benefits, and is very suitable for cultivation by the majority of farmers. 1. What kind of bacteria do you choose? There are many types of mushrooms, commonly used for medium and low temperature types. The optimum environmental conditions for this kind of mushrooms are temperature 24~27°C, culture material moisture content about 60%, no light or low light. The optimum environmental conditions for the fruiting period are temperatures of 8 to 16°C. The air is fresh and moist, and the yin and yin are three points. When choosing the actual species, medium-temperature type 856, CrO2, L26, etc. can be selected. Each bottle of bacteria required no bacteria, no pests, pure species, and mycelium growth was robust. 2. Preparation of culture materials The composition of culture materials includes mixed wood chips, bran or rice bran, sugar, gypsum powder, urea, and superphosphate. Junk sawdust is the main carbon source material of the mushroom mycelia. It can be used as hardwood sawn shavings from sawmills, as well as smashed pieces of waste materials and twigs of hardwood trees; bran or rice bran is the main nitrogen supplying material of mushrooms. Mildew fresh material; sugar is a quick-acting carbon source for absorption and utilization in the early growth and development of mycelium, white sugar and brown sugar can be; gypsum powder can not only provide calcium, but also delay the acidification process of culture materials; urea and superphosphate Calcium is nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and provides nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and other nutrients. The formulation of the culture material is 77% of wood chips, 20% of bran or rice bran, 1.2% of sugar, 1.8% of gypsum, or 78% of mixed wood chips, 16% of bran, 2% of corn flour, 2% of gypsum, 0.5% of superphosphate , urea 0.3%, sugar 1.2%. Soluble urea, superphosphate, sugar, etc. are first dissolved in water, and other powdered materials are mixed together after dry mixing, adding water to mix the ingredients, repeated several times. Add water to the hand and pinch to form a mass, and touch the energy dissipation level. At this time, the water content is about 60%. 3. Sterilization? A low-pressure polyethylene film with a diameter of 15cm and a thickness of 0.04mm was cut into 55cm-long tubes, and sealed at one end. Put the culture material into a plastic tube bag, weigh about 0.9kg (dry material) per bag, and put it into an atmospheric sterilizer. The center of the stove leaves a certain space, which promotes the even distribution of steam and improves the sterilization effect. When the temperature rises to 100°C in the pot, it is changed to slow fire, and the heating is stopped after 10 to 12 hours. When the temperature drops to about 70°C, the material is discharged. 4. When the inoculated barrel is cooled to below 28°C, together with alcohol lamps, inoculation boxes, punchers, inoculation kits, and other inoculation tools, the surface is first disinfected with 0.25% benzalkonium chloride solution, and then moved into the inoculation box, per cubic meter. The space was filled with 10 ml of formalin and 5 g of potassium permanganate. The windows were closed and the wells were closed. Fumigation for half an hour allowed the proteins of microbial cells to coagulate, deteriorate, and die. After that, the inoculation personnel scrubbed their hands with 75% alcohol, penetrated into the inoculation box and inoculated holes, and at the same time, taped the tape. This process requires quick action and short duration. The adhesive tape can be used with special edible tape or medical tape, and the size is 3.5cm 3.5cm. 5, bacteria management? The inoculated material into a clean and dry room, into a "well" shape stacking, high 80 ~ 90cm. Usually open the window ventilation, during which turn 2 or 3 times, remove some of the bacterial contamination of the cartridge. After 40-50 days, the hyphae overfilled the tube bag. At this time, it was called "Fostive Wood." When a small amount of brown plaques appear on most of the artificial mushrooms, they can be transferred to mushroom management. 6. To build a mushroom shed? Choose a dry or winter place near the water source, dig 1m deep and 15 to 20cm in diameter, take a 30cm high ladder-like mushroom frame and a small bow shed at the center of 1m high on the surface. On this basis, we will set up an arbour. The arbors are generally 1.8 to 2.5 meters high. The awnings are covered with grass curtains on the top and bottom so that they can penetrate into the three-point sunlight. 7. Take off the bag and peel the tube film from the mature mangosteen wood and lean on the mushroom shelf. The distance between each bag is about 10cm. Immediately cover the film (preferably a 0.07mm thick agricultural high-pressure polyethylene film) and keep moist. 8, mushroom management? 3 to 4 days after bag removal, the membrane temperature remained at about 26 °C, relative humidity of 85% or more. After the surface of the bacterial tube was covered with white villous hyphae, it was ventilated 1 or 2 times a day for half an hour each time to force the villous mycelium to fall down. After 1 week, there will be brownish water droplets on the surface of the fungus tube, and the pellicle membrane will gradually thicken and turn darker. At this point, spray water to wash brown secretions, cover the film at night, widening the temperature difference between day and night, lasting 3 to 4 days, the surface of the small buds that grow. Mushrooms are variable-temperature, solid mushrooms that require low temperature and temperature difference between day and night to form. Afterwards, heat preservation and moisturization should be continued, and membrane ventilation should be strengthened. Small buds will grow up gradually. The eight-point ripeness of the mushroom cover was harvested and dried when it was in the copper cocoon edge. After the harvest of each mushroom, strengthen the ventilation, stop the spray for 3 to 5 days, keep the bacteria and then return to the mushroom management, and after approximately one month, collect the second tidal mushroom. After harvesting 2 to 3 shiitake mushrooms, poke a hole in the center of the man-made mushroom wood with iron wire, and immersed in water after pressing a heavy object on the mushroom wood. When the weight of the artificial mushroom wood is close to the original weight, it is taken out, and the heat-insulating bacteria in the film are kept for 2 to 3 days, and the unsealing membrane is strengthened to promote the formation and growth of the lower tide mushroom. This cycle continues until the end of May and June of the second year. During the whole fruiting stage, early autumn and late spring should prevent high-temperature burning of bacteria and rotten material. In winter, especially during the period of mushroom buds, attention should be paid to keeping warm and preventing freezing. In addition, pest control work should also be done well.
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