1. The form of the pig house
(1) There are single-slope and double-slope types for pig houses according to the roof layout. The single slope type has a small span, simple structure, low cost, good light and ventilation, and is suitable for small-scale pig farms. The double-slope type has a large span, which is commonly used in double-row pig houses and multi-row pig houses. The insulation effect is good, but the investment is more.
(2) There are open, semi-open and closed types depending on the structure of the wall and the presence or absence of windows. The open style has three walls and one wall without walls. It has good ventilation and light transmission, does not keep warm, and has a low cost. The semi-open type is a wall with three sides and one half wall. The insulation is slightly better than the open type. Enclosed is a wall with four sides, which can be divided into two kinds of windows and no windows.
(3) There are single-row, double-row and multi-row types of pigsheds divided by pigs.
2. The basic structure of the pig house
A complete pig house is mainly composed of walls, roofs, floors, doors, windows, manure urine ditch, and partitions.
1) Walls are required to be sturdy, durable, and well-insulated. The ideal wall is a brick wall, which requires a cement jointing, and a cementing surface of 0.8 to 1.0 meters from the ground.
2) The ideal roof of the roof is a slab of cement prefabricated slabs, and 15 to 20 cm thick soil is added for heat insulation and heatstroke protection. At present, Beijing Ruipu Co., Ltd.'s new technology products have roofs made of imported new materials. Steel frame supporting system, corrugated steel roof plate, and sandwiched with glass fiber insulation cotton, good insulation effect.
3) The requirements of the floor flooring are strong, durable and good water seepage. The ideal floor is a cement-hooked flat brick (a new technology). Followed by solid triad lands, the triads should be well-mixed, moderately humid and practically compact.
4) The open pig house for excrement and urine ditch is required to be located outside the front wall; the fully enclosed and semi-closed (winter shelter) pig house can be located 40 centimeters from the south wall and covered with slatted floor. The width of the manure sulcus should be designed according to the area of ​​the house, at least 30 cm wide. The gap width of the slatted floor shall not exceed 1.5 cm.
5) Doors and Windows
The front wall of the open-type pig house must have a door 0.8 to 1.0 m high and 0.6 m wide, which requires a particularly strong, especially a kind of pig house. The semi-closed pig house is to be opened on the partition wall of the stadium, 0.8 m high and 0.6 wide. m; fully closed pig house only on the feeding channel side door, door height 0.8 ~ 1.0 meters, 0.6 meters wide. The gate of the passage is 1.8 meters high and 1.0 meters wide. No matter what type of pig house should have a rear window. The length and height of the rear window of the open and semi-enclosed pig house are all 40 cm. The upper frame is 40 cm from the top of the wall. The semi-enclosed partition wall window and the front window of the fully-closed pig house should be as large as possible, and the bottom frame should be separated from the ground. It should be 1.1 meters; the size of the rear wall of a fully enclosed pig house can be large, and double glass can be used if conditions permit.
6) In the barn, except for the barn, a barrage is required in the general closed barn. Barrier materials are basically two types of brick wall cement plastering and steel fences. The vertical fence should be a fixed fence, and the horizontal partition can be a movable fence in order to adjust the area inside the house.
3. Type of pig house
The design and construction of pig houses must first meet the pig production process, and secondly, consider the actual situation of each pig. The area south of the Yellow River is mainly protected against moisture, heat insulation, and heatstroke; in the north of the Yellow River, the focus is on cold insulation and moisture protection and moisture protection.
(1) The boar houses are generally single-row and semi-open. The temperature inside the house is 15 to 20 degrees, and the wind speed is 0.2 m/s. There is a corridor inside and a small playground outside to increase the amount of boar activity. Circle one.
(2) Empty, pregnant sows
One of the most commonly used feeding methods for vacant, pregnant sows is grouped large-group group feeding, and generally there are 4 to 5 sows and 2 to 4 pregnant sows per pen. The structure of the circle bar is three types: solid type, fence type and integrated type. The layout of the pig bar is mostly single-aisle double-row type. The sty area is generally 7 to 9 square meters, the ground slope should not be greater than 1/45, the surface should not be too smooth to prevent the sow from falling. It is also useful to feed in a single lap. The Shervin temperature is 15 to 20 degrees and the wind speed is 0.2 meters/second.
(3) Childbirth and nursing homes
There are bifurcation columns in the house, and the layout is mostly two or three columns. The temperature in the house is 15 to 20°C and the wind speed is 0.2m/s. The delivery field structure also varies depending on the conditions.
1 The ground-fed pens: Mono-blocks are used, and the middle part is the sow limiter. The two sides are places where piglets eat, drink, and heat. In front of the sow's limit frame, there is a front door. There is a trough and a drinking fountain on the front door for the sow to feed and drink, and there is a back door at the back of the limit frame for the sow to enter and clean the manure. Leaked floors can be provided at the rear of the column to exclude excrement and dirt from the column. 2 Online delivery bar: It is mainly composed of delivery bar, piglet fence, woven leaky seam floor net, incubator and outrigger.
(4) Piglet care home
The temperature in the house is 26 to 30 degrees and the wind speed is 0.2 meters/second. An online nursery bar can be used to feed 1 to 2 litters on the web and use automatic feeding troughs for free feeding. Online cultivation reduces the incidence of piglet disease, is beneficial to the health of piglets and improves the survival rate of piglets. The piglet nursery bar is mainly composed of woven woven leaky seam floor nets, fences, automatic drop tanks, and connection cards.
(5) Growing, finishing houses and gilts
All three types of pighouses adopt the large-scale ground group rearing method and are free to feed. Their structural forms are basically the same, but only vary in the size of their heads and the size of the pigs.
4. Farm equipment
The selection of advanced economical equipment adapted to the scale and technology of the farm is an important measure to improve the production level and economic efficiency.
4.1 Pigshed
(1) The pig stalls, empty sow stalls and breeding stalls are generally located in the same building. Therefore, the areas are generally the same. The column height is generally 1.2 to 1.4 meters and the area is 7 to 9 square meters.
(2) There are two types of gestation porcine pens on the gestational column: one is the monomer column; the other is the small group column. Monolithic columns are made of welded metal materials. The general column length is 2 meters, the column width is 0.65 meters, and the column height is 1 meter. The structure of the small group column may be a concrete structure, a fence type, or an integrated structure. The difference is that the height of the gravid column is generally 1 to 1.2 meters. Since the feeding is limited, the ground food is used without a food tank. The area is generally 7 to 15 square meters depending on the number of heads per pen.
(3) The size of the tiller column is related to the selected sow breed. The length is generally 2 to 2.2 meters and the width is 1.7 to 2.0 meters. The width of the sow limit column is generally 0.6 to 0.65 meters and 1.0 meter high. The width of each side of the piglet activity fence is generally 0.6-0.7 meters, 0.5 meters high, and the fence spacing is 5 centimeters.
(4) Piglet breeding bar
The metal woven mesh leakage faeces floor or the metal woven plating plastic leakage floor is generally used, and the rearing effect of the latter is generally better than the former. Large and medium-sized pig farms mostly use high-bed online cultivating bar, which is composed of metal woven nets, faeces, fences, and automatic food troughs. Floors for manhole leakage are set on the manure gutters or solid concrete floors through brackets, and are shared by two adjacent columns. An automatic feeder, with an automatic drinker in each bar. This kind of nursery bar can keep the bed dry and clean and reduce the incidence of piglets. It is an ideal nursery shed. The height of the nursery pens is generally 0.6 meters, and the distance between the fences is 5 to 8 centimeters. The area differs depending on the number of breeding heads. Weaned piglets on small pig farms can also be reared on the ground, but in the cold season, soft grass should be laid on the resting position of the piglets, or the sleeping place should be set on fire.
(5) Breeding and fattening columns
There are various forms of bred and fattened bar. The floors are mostly concrete-concrete floor or cement leaky floor bar. There are also 1/3 slatted floor bars and 2/3 concrete. Concrete has a 3% slope for a solid ground. The height of the rearing and finishing column is generally 1 to 1.2 meters. When the fence type structure is used, the distance between the fences is 8 to 10 centimeters.
4.2 Drinking Water Equipment
There are many types of automatic drinking fountains for pigs, including duck-billed, cup, and nipple. As the structure and performance of nipple and cup automatic drinkers are not as good as duckbill type drinkers, duckbill type automatic drinkers are commonly used. The structure of the duck-billed pig automatic drinker is shown in Fig. It is mainly composed of valve body, valve core, sealing ring, return spring, plug and net.
4.3 Feeding equipment
(1) Mash feeding trough
It is used in poor farms. It is divided into fixed feeding trough and mobile feeding trough. Casting tanks are generally cast for cement. The feed troughs A and B in the figure are the same, all under the partition wall or the partition, and are filled with material from the corridor and slide to the inside to facilitate the pigs to feed. The feed trough is generally long and the length of the feed trough per pig should be determined according to the type and age of the pig. Normative pig farms do not use mobile feed troughs. In intensive, industrialized pig farms, pregnant sows or lactating sows that are kept in limited places, the fixed feed trough is made of metal and is fixed on the limit bar. See the limit production bed and limit bar section.
(2) Square Automatic Feeding Trough
The general conditions of the pig farm do not use this kind of manger, it is common in intensive, industrialized pig farms. Square blank feeders are available in single and double open styles. The single-open side is fixed to the partition or partition wall of the hallway; the double-open type is placed on the two-column partition or partition wall, and the automatic blanking feed trough is generally made of galvanized iron sheet and reinforced with steel bars. Very easy to damage.
(3) Round Automatic Feeding Manger
The round type automatic feed chute is made of stainless steel, which is more durable and durable. The chassis can also be cast with cast iron or cement, suitable for high-density, large-scale growth and finishing pig houses.
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