High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of White Kidney Bean

The suitable area for cultivation of white kidney beans in Shangri-La County is the mountains and the second half of the five townships of Tiger Leaping Gorge Town, Jinjiang Town, Shangjiang Township, Wujing Township, Sanba Township and Luoji Township along the Jinsha River. Dashan has a beautiful environment with no industrial and mining “three wastes” pollution. It is far away from towns. The soil is mostly red brown earth, oil sand, impact soil. The area of ​​red soil is large, the soil is deep, the PH value is 5-6, and the altitude is 1900-3000. Between meters, due to low latitude, large temperature difference between day and night, the annual average temperature is 14-17 °C, the average temperature of the coldest month is 6-8 °C, the average temperature of the hottest month is 20-24 °C, and the average annual relative humidity is 10 - 12 mbar, the annual total solar radiation 118.3 - 122.0 kcal / square centimeter, the average annual rainfall of 6184 mm, frost 95-115 days. The project area administers 30 villagers' committees in 5 townships and townships, 16200 households of peasant households, and has an agricultural population of 62.91 million people. By the end of 2008, there were 129.09 million mu of cultivated land, and the agricultural population occupied 2.04 mu of cultivated land per capita.

White kidney beans are economic crops that are resistant to cold and are suitable for planting in temperate and tropical high altitude areas. The whole body is a treasure. Its beans are rich in protein and carbohydrates, and are rich in nutrients. Its vines, leaves, and pods are crushed. The ideal feed for livestock, flowers are a good source of honey. Therefore, planting cowpeas has been welcomed by farmers in mountain areas. The county has a long history of planting kidney beans and is suitable for planting at an elevation of 2,000-2,600 meters. Over the years, cowpea planting areas have been between 3000-6000 mu, with an average yield of 210 kilograms, and some high-yield plots have reached 400 kilograms. The gross income per mu can reach more than 600 yuan, and the high-yield land can reach 1,000 yuan (according to the average market purchase price of 2.4 yuan/kg). In this county, the elevation belt is mainly planted with corn, oats, and buckwheat. The output is very low and the economic returns are poor. The cowpea has a significant economic benefit relative to the above-mentioned crops. The cowpea planting range in my county is mainly distributed in Sanba Township, Hutiaoxia Town, Jinjiang Town, Shangjiang Township and Wujing Township And two and a half mountain areas.

The cowpea varieties in my county are mainly local varieties, including large kidney beans, small kidney beans, big black kidney beans, safflower kidney beans, black flower kidney beans, flat kidney beans, etc. In recent years, mainly cowpea plants have been used mainly, and cowpeas have been grown in our county. It has a long history, but its planting technology is backward, and its fine varieties are few. Because of its low investment and low level of intensive management, the management of fertilization and pest control cannot keep pace, and the harvesting technology is backward, which seriously affects the quality and appearance of bean products.

The current high-yield cultivation techniques for white kidney beans are described below:

White kidney beans are drought-tolerant, cold-tolerant, stem vines growing vigorously, strong branches, many flower systems, and high nutritional value. They are suitable for cultivation at an altitude of 2000-2600 meters, which is a new way for mountain farmers to increase their income.

1. The principle of planting white kidney beans for the current year’s income requires a reasonable layout of a village and a product, using certain fertility conditions to cultivate the fields, to ensure the production and quality of white kidney beans, and ensure that the gross income per mu is over 600 yuan.

1, adhere to the scientific cultivation method, avoid extensive planting.

2. White Kidney Bean is a high-fertility crop. The planting area should be selected for soil looseness, good drainage, deep soil layer, good light, PH value of 6-7, middle-upper fertility plots, etc. For crops, the former crop should be potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, corn, green manure, etc. The white kidney beans should not be planted continuously and cultivated low-lying.

3, white kidney bean fertilizer should be applied to the application of organic fertilizer, according to soil fertility, in the preparation of soil fertigation into high-quality farmyard fertilizer, 1500-2000 kg per mu, 1000-1500 kg of plant ash per acre, or 1 kg of bio-potash fertilizer per acre, Calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer 50 kg per mu, mix base fertilizer, should not be applied fertilizer such as superphosphate, appropriate application of borax.

4. White kidney beans are single and can also be intercropped or interplanted with potatoes, corn, sunflower, etc., with a net weight of 1.3 meters, spacing 65 cm, plant spacing 60 cm, 1100 acres per acre, the number of plants per acre should reach 2,800-3,300. .

5. Seeds should be selected from the seeds harvested in the early middle of fertility, and must be seeded with seeds that are full of disease-free spots. Before sowing, the seeds should be sunned for 1-2 days to break the dormancy of the seeds and make them emerge neatly.

6, due to the type of species and regional differences choose appropriate sowing date, generally in early March to mid-April is appropriate, sowing depth of 2.5-4.0 cm, in order to enhance the drought resistance of plants, can be properly broadcast (4 - 5 cm), for To prevent underground pests, seed dressing should be done before sowing.

2. Strengthen field management in the growth period

1. Apply topdressing in dry conditions and do well in the management of cultivator. White kidney beans need a large amount of fertilizer. When the seedling height is 20-30 cm, weeding and weeding should be done in time to raise the ditch. At the same time, 20-30 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate can be used as seedlings for raising the seedlings. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 kg and 0.2 kg borax were used for foliar spraying to increase the rate of scab and gloss and promote fullness of the powder, which has a good effect on increasing the yield.

2, timely scaffolding, finishing plant type: white kidney beans unearthed 30 cm, should be promptly inserted rod and lead vines on the shelf, so that a pond, rod height should be more than 2 meters, white kidney beans hi light, should be played in the flowering period Some side branches and bottom leaves, so as not to shade each other, affecting the scarring rate, the general strain up to 2.5 meters must be capped, so that nutrient concentrate supply of capsules, to promote grain full and mature.

3. The lower leaves of white kidney beans begin to fall, and the pods are plucked in batches from the bottom up.

4. Diseases and Insect Pests: The most common diseases of white kidney beans are anthracnose and leaf spot. Insect pests are ground tigers and aphids. They should be treated early, treated small, and treated.

5. Storage: After harvesting cowpea, it must be dried in time, stored in stockpiling, and then threshed before sale. This will help protect the color of seeds, and make the seeds not easy to wrinkle or break. In the storage and sale, the moisture content of seeds should be reduced. To 13% or less, the life of white kidney bean seed is 3-4 years under normal storage conditions.

The biggest problem in the cultivation of white kidney beans is the ecological problem. Since the plant height of white kidney beans is more than 2 meters, and it must be attached to other trunks, the average number of bamboo poles or wood poles used per mu is 1,100 (average ponds per mu. In 1100 ponds, then 1 million mu of land is required to use 11 million bamboo sticks or wooden poles, which seriously damages the ecology. Therefore, it is recommended that townships that cultivate white kidney beans should vigorously promote the cultivation of sunflowers.

Instead of bamboo stalks and wood poles, sunflower stalks are solid, sharp and hard in the middle. They are waterproof, anti-corrosion, and easy to insert. They are used to make white stick beans with many advantages:

1, easy to draw material. In areas where white kidney beans can be grown in my county, sunflowers can be planted, and a large number of stems are produced every year.

2, easy to climb. Because the surface of the sunflower is evenly distributed with petiole marks, and the thickness is moderate, it is easier to climb than mangosteen.

3, easy to clean. Used sunflowers can be burned together with white kidney beans and Teng mang as fertilizer, and they can also be crushed into feeds, which reduces the cleaning and storage of wooden plugs.

4, cost savings. With 2700 ponds of white kidney beans planted per acre, each wooden pole is 0.2 yuan. In two years, the average annual cost per mu is 270 yuan.

5, increase income. Sunflowers can be interplanted with potatoes, with 600-700 strains interplanted per acre. The increase in potato yield is more than 30%, and sunflower seed income worth about 300 yuan can be obtained.

6, protect the ecology. The rod used per acre of white kidney beans needs to be obtained from half a mu to two mu of woodland, which has certain damage to the ecology, and the use of sunflower stems to avoid cutting down forests has achieved coordinated development of agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry.

7, save labor. Because the use of sunflower stems eliminates the need for cutting, frequent handling, and clear storage during the mountainous period, it saves 10-15 man-days per mu.

8, clean the soil. One of the reasons why farmers have been reluctant to plant sunflowers in the past was that their roots were left in the soil and they were difficult to rot, causing many problems for the agricultural activities in the next year.

The stem of sunflower is used together with the roots when it is used as a stick of the white kidney bean, which reduces the pollution of the soil caused by the root pods. In the use of sunflower plug should pay attention to:

1. The roots of the stalks must be taken out during the sunflower harvest season and immediately sharpened to the ground or brought home.

2. In the next year, the tool can be punched with the aid of a tool, but the two rods must be inserted obliquely to allow the upper cross to move closer and increase its stability.

The development of white kidney bean production is a good way to enrich the people and build Xingdian, and it should be developed as soon as possible to make it an earning industry for agriculture in our county.