Ventilator block diagram Medical Invasive Breathing Machine Invasive Breathing Machine,Medical Invasive Ventilator,Invasive Mechanical Ventilation,Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Guangzhou Zhongzhinan Supply Chain Co.,Ltd. , https://www.gzzhongzhinan.com
One. Main mechanical ventilation modes
(1) Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and zero pressure in the expiratory phase. 1. Working principle: The ventilator generates positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and presses the gas into the lungs. After the pressure rises to a certain level or the inhaled volume reaches a certain level, the ventilator stops supplying air, the exhalation valve opens, and the patient's thorax Passive collapse of the lungs and exhalation. 2. Clinical application: Various patients with respiratory failure mainly based on ventilation function, such as COPD.
(2) Intermittent positive and negative pressure ventilation (IPNPV): the inspiratory phase is positive pressure and the expiratory phase is negative pressure. 1. How it works: The ventilator works both in the inspiratory and exhaled phases. 2. Clinical application: Expiratory negative pressure can cause alveolar collapse and cause iatrogenic atelectasis.
(3) Continuous positive pressure airway ventilation (CPAP): Refers to the patient's spontaneous breathing and artificial positive airway pressure during the entire respiratory cycle. 1. Working principle: Inspiratory phase gives continuous positive pressure air flow, and exhalation phase also gives a certain resistance, so that the airway pressure of inhalation and exhalation phases are higher than atmospheric pressure. 2. Advantages: The continuous positive pressure airflow during inhalation is greater than the inspiratory airflow, which saves the patient's inhalation effort, increases FRC, and prevents the collapse of the airway and alveoli. Can be used for exercise before going offline. 3. Disadvantages: great interference to circulation, large pressure injury of lung tissue.
(4) Intermittent command ventilation and synchronized intermittent command ventilation (IMV / SIMV) IMV: There is no synchronization device, the ventilator air supply does not require the patient's spontaneous breathing trigger, and the time of each air supply in the breathing cycle is not constant. 2. SIMV: There is a synchronization device. The ventilator gives the patient a commanded breath according to the pre-designed breathing parameters every minute. The patient can breathe spontaneously without being affected by the ventilator. 3. Advantages: It exerts its ability to regulate breathing while offline; it has less influence on circulation and lungs than IPPV; it reduces the use of shock medicine to a certain extent. 4. Application: It is generally considered to be used when off-line. When R <5 times / min, it still maintains a good oxygenation state. You can consider off-line. Generally, PSV is added to avoid respiratory muscle fatigue.
(5) Mandatory ventilation per minute (MMV) When spontaneous breathing> preset minute ventilation, the ventilator does not command ventilation, but only provides a continuous positive pressure. 2. When spontaneous breathing is less than the preset minute ventilation volume, the ventilator performs command ventilation to increase the minute ventilation volume to reach the preset level.
(6) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Definition: Under the prerequisite of spontaneous breathing, each inhalation receives a certain level of pressure support, increasing the patient's inhalation depth and inhalation volume. 2. How it works: The inspiratory pressure begins with the patient's inspiratory action, and ends when the inspiratory flow rate decreases to a certain level or the patient attempts to exhale hard. Compared with IPPV, the pressure it supports is constant, and it is adjusted by the feedback of the inspiratory flow rate. Compared with SIMV, it can get pressure support for each inhalation, but the level of support can be set according to different needs. 3. Application: SIMV + PSV: used for preparation before off-line, can reduce breathing work and oxygen consumption Indications: Exercise the ventilator; prepare before going offline; the ventilator is weak due to various reasons; severe flail chest causes abnormal breathing. 5. Note: Generally not used alone, it will produce insufficient or excessive ventilation.
(7) Volume Supported Ventilation (VSV): Each breath is triggered by the patient's spontaneous breathing. The patient can also breathe without any support and can reach the expected TV and MV levels. The ventilator will allow the patient to be truly autonomous Breathing also applies to preparations before going offline.
(8) Capacity control of pressure regulation
(IX) Biphasic or bilevel positive pressure ventilation How it works: P1 is equivalent to inspiratory pressure, P2 is equivalent to breathing pressure, T1 is equivalent to inspiratory time, and T2 is equivalent to exhalation time. 2. Clinical application: (1) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2 = 0 or PEEP, T2 = expiratory time, which is equivalent to IPPV. (2) When P1 = PEEP, T1 = infinity, P2 = 0, T2 = O, which is equivalent to CPAP. (3) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2-0 or PEEP, T2 = desired controlled inhalation cycle, equivalent to SIMV.
The main causes of miscarriage of pregnant ewes are improper feeding and management or epidemic infection. Especially in the case of epidemic diseases, severe brucellosis in the sheep can cause 50-90% of pregnant ewes in the flock to have miscarriage. For sheep suffering from brucellosis, if no preventive measures are taken in time, the source of infection will be preserved for a long period of time. When the sheep is renewed or sick, and healthy sheep are mixed, the disease will once again be outbreaks. The disease occurs without seasonality, but it is more common in the lambing season. Brucellosis can be transmitted through a variety of ways. The main route of infection is the digestive tract, followed by the reproductive tract, skin, and mucous membranes. Therefore, we must strengthen feeding and management, keep sheep houses clean and hygienic, avoid the introduction of contaminated breeding stocks and feed, adhere to self-cultivation and self-support, do not import sheep from the affected area (field), and divide the water source and grassland with the epidemic areas, and strengthen the deworming. , rodent control and disinfection measures. Regular quarantine of the herd in order to promptly detect and deal with possible diseased sheep. At the same time, immunizations should be carried out on a regular basis. Vaccines may be vaccinated with Brucella porcine type 2 attenuated bacterins or Brucella serotype 5 attenuated live bacterins. The Brucella porcine type 2 attenuated live bacterin vaccine can be used for immunization against drinking water. The dose is 100-200 million viable bacteria, which is divided into two servings (two days of serving) or one serving of drinking. Dilution ratio 1:10 for gavage. The immunization period is about half a year to one year. It should be 1-2 times a year and be used for 3-5 years. Brucella serotype 5 live attenuated vaccine can be used for immunization or aerosol immunization. Aerosol immunization The dose of vaccine was calculated in the room at a rate of 5 billion viable bacteria per cubic meter. The dose of immunization against fog was 5 billion live bacterins per sheep. When the indoor air is immunized, the sheep is rushed into the room and the doors and windows are closed. The live bacteria are sprayed on the four-square-meter horizontal line higher than the height of the sheep's head. After the bacterin sprayed for 20 minutes, let the sheep freely inhale the bacterin to release the sheep. When the fog is immunized during the dew weather, the operator holds the atomizer and sprays the diluted bacterin through the atomizer. The sprayer should be as high as the sheep's body and sprayed evenly toward the sheep's head. After spraying the bacteria, let the sheep be in the pen. Stay 10 minutes.