Chrysanthemum cultivation techniques

Chrysanthemum is rich in resources, distributed in five continents of the world, China has a distribution from north to south, from east to west. Chrysanthemums are distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Tianjin, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guizhou provinces. It is cultivated in Anhui, Zhejiang, and Henan. Juju is mainly produced in Qixian and Guoyang in Anhui Province; Qiju is mainly produced in Quanjiao and Qixian in Anhui; Gongju is mainly produced in Qixian, Anhui; and Chrysanthemum is mainly produced in Tongxiang, Haining, Jiaxing and Huzhou in Zhejiang Province; It is mainly produced in Henan Wulu, Luyi, Fuyang, Boai, Hebei Anguo, Xinji, Anping, Dingxian, Sichuan Zhongjiang, Cangxi, Yilong, Kaijiang, Shaanxi Pucheng, Dagu, Guangdong Wuchuan, Chenghai, Lien County and so on. Juju, Chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, and chrysanthemum are the four medicinal chrysanthemums in China. Chrysanthemum cultivation has considerable benefits.

First, prepare before planting

1, species selection. When planting chrysanthemums, attention should be paid to the selection and matching of different varieties, because each chrysanthemum variety is incomplete in viewability. Therefore, the choice of species must be considered first before planting.

(1) Chunju: The natural flowering period in East China is generally from late April to mid-May, and in North China from late May to mid-June. Flower bud differentiation is not very sensitive to sunshine. There is no definite sunshine time limit, but it is sensitive to temperature. Generally, flower buds can be formed at a night temperature of about 10°C.

(2) Chrysanthemum: Chrysanthemum and Chrysanthemum are resistant to high temperatures, but the general species are not suitable for cultivation in southern Jiangsu. In the southern part of Jiangsu Province, due to the high temperature in July and August in summer, the central part of the bud often fails to fully expand, petal contraction, and flower head dry. The natural flowering period in North China is from July to September.

(3) Chrysanthemum: points early chrysanthemum and late autumn chrysanthemum. The flowering period of early autumn chrysanthemum is from late September to early October, commonly known as National Chrysanthemum; the flowering period of chrysanthemum in late autumn is generally from mid-late October to mid-November. In eastern China, if the summer weather is cooler and the temperature is lower, the early autumn chrysanthemum will be shady, and the flowering period can be advanced to the beginning of September.

(4) Chrysanthemum: The flowering period is generally after December and is suitable for cultivation in South China. Production in East China will be followed by 2-3 layers of plastic film coverage after mid-December. In North China, production costs are high and heating facilities must be added.

2, soil improvement. In general, the soil in the greenhouse should be loose and full of nutrition, good air permeability, good water permeability, and a certain degree of water retention, fertilizer retention, soil health and no pests and diseases. It is unrealistic to require that the above conditions be fully satisfied on soil selection, but it must also be solved by improving the soil.

3, fertilizer. How many organic and inorganic fertilizers are prepared before planting depends on different regions, different cultivation types, and different soil conditions. There is no uniform standard. The general principle is to meet the needs of chrysanthemum as much as possible, on the premise of understanding the demand for various nutrients of chrysanthemum and no excess or deficiency of nutrition.

4. Preparation of venues and ancillary facilities. Whether producing cut chrysanthemums or potted chrysanthemums, the choice of venue must have three basic conditions: sufficient sunlight, good drainage, and smooth ventilation. Auxiliary equipment includes cooling beds, warm beds, wind barriers, bow sheds, shade nets, support nets, black membranes, and the like. According to the size and size of electricity, chrysanthemum production also determines the amount of electricity and wires, lamps and so on. Potted chrysanthemum addition to the preparation of nutritious soil, but also consider the number of pots, specifications and texture.

Second, planting technology

1. Planting methods. (1) Single-rod type: No topping after planting, producing only 1 flower per plant; (2) Multi-bar type: 1-2 weeks after planting, when the seedling grows 5-7 new leaves, leaves 3-4 leaves topping . Lateral buds grow to 3-5 cm after germination, leaving 3 buds left and the rest removed.

2, planting density. Greenhouse cultivation is generally based on the size of the greenhouse to determine the width, length, and direction of the planter. Radon width is generally 1-1.2 meters, length 30-40 meters, too long and too wide are not conducive to operation. The standard greenhouse (30 meters and 6 meters) is generally 4 feet per shed, about 1 meter wide, 28 meters long, and 0.5 meters aisle. The solar greenhouse in the north generally adopts east-west direction. The north-south direction will waste space and land, and it will be 1.2-1.5 meters wide.

3, the depth of colonization. Chrysanthemums are shallow-rooted plants and should not be planted too deep, preferably 3-4 cm. Pour water once after planting.

Third, cultivation and management.

1. Cultivation and management of Chunju

(1) Soil, fertilizer, and water management: Disinfect the soil and apply base fertilizer before making moromi. Apply 3-4 tons of farmyard fertilizer per mu, about 50 kg of compound fertilizer. Basal fertilizer should be applied deeply and plowed evenly.

(2) Temperature and light control: The quality of chrysanthemum can meet the requirements, and it has a great relationship with the illumination water and temperature, because light and temperature control the flower bud differentiation and development of chrysanthemum.

(3) Plant rearrangement: Pruning is to reasonably distribute the growth space of the plants, increase the ventilation and light transmission between the plants, and determine the reasonable cut flower yield.

2. Cultivation and management of Xia Ju

The growth and development characteristics of Xia Ju are between Chunju and Qiuju. The natural flowering period is from June to August. The cultivation types mainly include facility cultivation and open field cultivation.

(1) Soil, fertilizer, and water management: After the planting, permeate once to fix the root system. After that, determine the number of watering and watering according to the weather conditions and soil conditions.

(2) Temperature and light control: Xia Ju can perform flower bud differentiation and development under long-day or short-day conditions. The temperature requirement is similar to that of chrysanthemum. The optimum temperature for differentiation and development of summer chrysanthemum buds is 15°C. Due to differences in cultivation methods and regional differences, the temperature and light control in the growth of the chrysanthemum should be appropriately adjusted depending on the variety.

(3) Plant rearrangement: Xiaju planting will be taken after 15-20 days. 10-15 days after topping, the lateral branches grew to 3-5 cm, and the first pruning was performed. Each strong zygotic branch had 3-4 branches, and the small and weak branches were wiped off. Before the flower bud differentiation of the plants, ie when the plant height is about 40 cm, the second pruning is performed, mainly removing the thin and weak branches and the dense branches, so as to facilitate ventilation.

3. The cultivation and management of Qiuju

(1) Soil, fertilizer and water management: Spring and summer chrysanthemums. The continuous cropping of Qiuju also causes a variety of diseases and insect pests. Especially in the production of greenhouses, soil disinfection and sterilization is one of the most important aspects of cultivation. The chrysanthemum required for the accumulation of manure is best used with organic fertilizer that has been decomposed to prevent burning seedlings under high temperature conditions. Autumn chrysanthemum needs a large amount of water during the growth period, so the soil should be kept moist during the growth stage to avoid the soil being too dry or too wet; otherwise, the plant growth will be uneven, and the internodes will be uneven.

(2) Temperature and light control: Because Qiuju is a typical short-day plant, the flowering period of Qiuju can be extended from October to around the Ching Ming Festival of the following year through the control of temperature and light.

(3) Plant rearrangement: In addition to export production, Qiuju generally adopts multi-bar type cultivation. In addition to seeing the conditions of easing seedlings, the picking time also needs to consider cultivation methods. In general, the head is set about 15 days after planting. When the lateral shoots grow to about 5 cm in length after 10-15 days, depending on the growth conditions, weak growth and dense lateral branches are removed, leaving 3-4 strong lateral branches per plant for flowering branches. Before the flower buds were formed, the plants again removed the weak and dense branches, so that the flowering branches were given more nutrients and light. When the height is 30-40 cm, a support net is set up. There are single-layer nets available for electricity. If the stalks are high, management and control are unsure.

4. The cultivation and management of Chrysanthemum

(1) Soil, fertilizer and water management: Spring, summer and autumn chrysanthemums. The soil requires loose ventilation and well-drained sandy loam rich in humus. The soil should be disinfected before planting. Apply more organic fertilizer, apply 3-4 tons per acre to increase the soil insulation performance. Because the growth cycle of the chrysanthemum is longer, the amount of compound fertilizer should be increased. The proportion of nitrogen in the compound fertilizer: phosphorus:potassium is 1:1:1, and the application rate is about 150 grams per square meter. The frequency of topdressing in the chrysanthemum is generally higher than that in spring and summer. Chrysanthemum more than 1-2 times. The method of root fertilization was used in the early stage, and the plants were sealed in the later stage. The method of foliar dressing could be used.

(2) Temperature and light control: The temperature management of Rhododendron is mainly to prevent high temperature or low temperature. Chrysanthemum growth temperature 5-25 °C, higher than 25 °C or less than 5 °C injury occurs. Chrysanthemum is a typical short-day plant, and the limit sunshine duration of flower bud differentiation is shorter than autumn chrysanthemum, generally within 11 hours.

(3) Plant management: After 15 days of colonization, the heart was picked up. If the colonization time is too early, the second heart-pickup can be performed, that is, about 40 days after the first heart-plucking. Due to the long growing period of the chrysanthemum, soil can regenerate new roots and enhance its growth potential. Later, when the plants are about 30 centimeters in height, the soil is cultivated once, and lodging can also be prevented due to excessive plant height. A support net was set up at 40 cm and the lateral buds were removed in time.

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