Medical orthopedic rehabilitation and Sports Protective Products Medical Orthopedic And Sports Protective Medical Orthopedic And Sports Protective,Leg Compression Socks,Nylon Knee Sleeve,Elastic Compression Stockings Hebei Orient Imp. & Exp. Co. Ltd. , http://www.orientmedcare.com
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an infrequent disease in rapeseed production in Haimen City, which severely restricts rapeseed production. Not only did it reduce the yield of rape, but it also caused the oil content of rapeseed to decrease. Perennial rapeseed production can be reduced by about 11.87%. In the past two years, it has been particularly serious. In 2001, the disease rate was 76.3% in the field and the disease index was 62.98. Although the city promoted the extension of sparse planting technology in 2002, the field density decreased from 0.86 million per mu in the previous 3 years. To 0.77 thousand strains. However, due to factors such as climate, species, and bacteria sources, the natural plant disease rate and disease index in the field still reached 47.44% and 35.55, respectively, which was 1.38 times and 1.34 times that of the normal year. 1 Occurence 1.1 Early onset According to the survey conducted by this station, the diseased leaf was initially seen at the end of February and March of 2002. The diseased plant was seen on April 15 and was 5 days earlier than in 2001, which was about 15 days earlier than usual. 1.2 The incidence of varietal disease among different species occurred in 2002. The occurrence and damage degree of different rapeseed varieties were different. From the results of the investigation, the most serious diseases were identified as Rongyou 6, Youyan 8, and Rongyou 4. The disease index was 44.88 to 59.33; followed by Qinyou 2 and Ningza 3, and the disease index was 21.50 to 25.50; Oil 50 and Shi Lifeng had a milder disease. The disease index was 13.45 to 16.50. 1.3 Differences in incidence of different doses in the field According to the survey of 124 typical fields in the city, the average diseased rate and disease index of untreated plots reached 47.44% and 35.55; the rate of diseased crop plots and disease index decreased to 34.64 in the field of pesticide treatment once. % and 21.83; while the number of diseased plots and diseased plots that were used twice in the field decreased to 29.65% and 12.65, which was significantly lighter than that of untreated plots. 2 Analysis 2.1 Reasonable climatic conditions The suitable climatic conditions are the primary conditions for the occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Because the flowering period of rape is more than 40 days, it creates favorable conditions for the invasion and spread of germs. The climate conditions that led to the occurrence of Sclerotinia in 2002 mainly include the following aspects: First, a typical warm winter climate in 2002. The average temperature in winter is 5.25°C, which is 2.0°C higher than normal, which is very favorable for sclerotia wintering. Second, the average temperature from February to March was 9.32 °C, which was 3.42 °C higher than the average, which was conducive to the germination of the sclerotia of the overwintering stalk. The ascidian plate was seen in late February and earlier than usual. Third, the average temperature in mid-April of April was 17.93°C, which was 2.88°C higher than normal, 52.9mm of rainfall, and 14 days of rain, which were 17.3mm and 6.3 days longer than normal, respectively, which was extremely favorable to the infection and spread of germs. Fourth, in early May, rainy weather has been the main cause, with high temperatures and high temperature and humidity conditions accelerating the development of diseases. 2.2 Variety of Disease Resistance of Varieties With the adjustment of industrial structure, rapeseed varieties have changed. In 2002, the main varieties planted in our city include Rongyou 6, Youyan 8, Rongyou 4, Qinyou 2, Ningza 3, Huiyou 50 and Shilifeng etc. %, these double-low rapeseed bloom early, long flowering period, poor disease resistance, extremely conducive to the occurrence of sclerotium. According to the illness test (see Table 1), the natural disease rate in the field was 77.67%, 60.50%, 58.38%, 41.33%, 28.0%, 26.0%, and 18.5%, respectively, and the disease index was 59.33, 45.58, 44.88, 25.50, respectively. 21.50, 16.50 and 13.45. 2.3 The high bacterial count of the bacteria source base Due to the cultivation habits and other reasons, the continuous cropping area of ​​rape in our city has been relatively large, making the accumulation of bacteria, and the survey was conducted on March 15, 2002. The average number of sub-capsules per square meter was 95.8, which was 10 years. The highest in the same period provided sufficient bacterial sources for the occurrence of rapeseed sclerotia. According to the survey, the field strain rate in Rotunda was 7.4 and 17.4 percentage points lower than that of continuous cropping for 1 year and continuous cropping for 2 years. 2.4 Differences in cultivation and management levels Temperatures in spring 2002 rose rapidly. Rape growth period was about 7 days earlier than normal, rapeseed was made early, and because rapeseed prices were not high and yields were low, a considerable portion of farmers had a tendency to be overshadowed by the idea of ​​rapeseed. Poor growth, poor drainage system, excessive rain during flowering, and high humidity in the field are very conducive to the occurrence and spread of Sclerotinia. In addition, the generally poor level of medication is also an important cause of S. sclerotiorum. According to statistics, in the 250,000 mu of land planted in the city, only 15% of the fields used for medicinal purposes accounted for 51% of the total, and only 2.9% of the area was administered twice. A total of 65 drugs fields were investigated. After the drug treatment, the disease rate and disease index remained at 32.86% and 20.78, and the control effect was not satisfactory. 3 Countermeasures 3.1 Selecting rapeseed varieties according to local conditions When promoting new varieties of rapeseed, we must consider the combination of quality, high yield and disease resistance, and must follow the test, demonstration, and promotion procedures. In the comparison and acceptance of varieties, the disease resistance of rapeseed should be taken as an important indicator, so that the plant protection department can play the role of identification and staff. 3.2 Effectively strengthen field management Promote fitness cultivation methods, increase close planting, increase promotion of extension and sparse planting techniques, and adopt “wide and narrow row†planting methods. This will not only facilitate ventilation and light transmission, but also facilitate fertilizer application. Do a good job of "giving full use of basal fertilizer, early application of Miaofei, reapplying wax fertilizer, and skillfully applying flower fertilizer", pay attention to the proper combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to promote robust growth of plants and increase disease resistance. 3.3 The rational use of drugs to prevent one, it is undoubtedly, the appropriate control period should be mastered in the main stem of the flowering plant strain rate of 95% to 100% when the best drug use. But at this time, field rapeseed has been sealed and it is difficult to spray pesticides in Shimoda. With this in mind, we have proposed that the first conditional application time should be advanced to the main stem when the flowering rate reaches 80%, and the second dose is used every 7 to 10 days. If it is difficult to use 2 doses, the dose will increase 1 time at the 1st dose, so that it can also receive better control effect. According to the recent two-year experiment, the effectiveness of control can reach more than 75%. Second, you must use your medicine well. Within a certain range, the greater the dose, the better the control effect. According to our experimental study, Zhengda carbendazim 100g per acre, the disease refers to the control effect of 28.15%; and 200g of acetochlor used per acre, the disease refers to the control effect of up to 76.95%. Third, different agents should be used in a reasonable manner. If long-term use of a single agent for prevention and control, it is easy to produce resistance. The rational use of different agents can not only delay the occurrence of pathogen resistance, but also improve the control effect. In the above-mentioned experiment, 200 grams of Gram-negative gram per acre, the disease refers to the control effect of 76.95%, and 100 grams per acre with grammedron plus 100 grams of Fuling Ling, the disease index can control up to 86.65 %. Fourth, drug and fertilizer mixed spray. Spray fertilizer can be added fertilizer, "883" and other foliar fertilizer, this will not only increase the disease prevention effect, but also increase rapeseed yield.